{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410636983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715244","title":"LLM-powered Multi-agent Framework for Goal-oriented Learning in Intelligent Tutoring System","display_name":"LLM-powered Multi-agent Framework for Goal-oriented Learning in Intelligent Tutoring System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410636983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3715244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715244","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3715244","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3715244","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102738457","display_name":"Tianfu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-3354"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianfu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-3354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015867775","display_name":"Yi Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7018-1101"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7018-1101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087106517","display_name":"Jianxun Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-5601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxun Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-5601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103010270","display_name":"Zhengyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3097-9714"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3097-9714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053345000","display_name":"Nicholas Jing Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3971-4176"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Jing Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3971-4176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022403899","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7438-7248"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7438-7248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Inc., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044651577","display_name":"Xing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862104","display_name":"Hui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China and HKUST, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China and HKUST, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102738457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.9453,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99691198,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"510","last_page":"519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7514432072639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-system","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","score":0.561583936214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5362410545349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3362482786178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3359816074371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.33558088541030884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7514432072639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055492","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","level":2,"score":0.561583936214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5362410545349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3362482786178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3359816074371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.33558088541030884}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3715244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715244","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3715244","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3715244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715244","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3715244","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1782397203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92370204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5332081803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A03J0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5351023050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.92370204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6130982387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1515120057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410636983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410636983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563233291","https://openalex.org/W1484600315","https://openalex.org/W2092909411","https://openalex.org/W2910327041","https://openalex.org/W2947092077","https://openalex.org/W3104946560","https://openalex.org/W3169746265","https://openalex.org/W3204823169","https://openalex.org/W4241819366","https://openalex.org/W4284664988","https://openalex.org/W4386566723","https://openalex.org/W4393118106","https://openalex.org/W4396758684","https://openalex.org/W4401042999","https://openalex.org/W4403582591","https://openalex.org/W4404782999","https://openalex.org/W4409363701","https://openalex.org/W6603321306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W304855073","https://openalex.org/W938111471","https://openalex.org/W2511882081","https://openalex.org/W2518250394","https://openalex.org/W2032169142","https://openalex.org/W2267221041","https://openalex.org/W98823754","https://openalex.org/W2517005961","https://openalex.org/W1531019137","https://openalex.org/W2514427399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"Tutoring":[1],"Systems":[2],"(ITSs)":[3],"have":[4,136],"revolutionized":[5],"education":[6],"by":[7,60,95],"offering":[8],"personalized":[9,54],"learning":[10,38,55,87,108,129],"experiences.":[11],"However,":[12],"as":[13,145],"goal-oriented":[14],"learning,":[15],"which":[16],"emphasizes":[17],"efficiently":[18],"achieving":[19],"specific":[20],"objectives,":[21],"becomes":[22],"increasingly":[23],"important":[24],"in":[25,128,139,158],"professional":[26,152],"contexts,":[27],"existing":[28],"ITSs":[29],"often":[30],"struggle":[31],"to":[32,51,65,114,165],"deliver":[33,52],"this":[34,41],"type":[35],"of":[36,101],"targeted":[37],"experience.":[39],"In":[40],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,135],"propose":[44],"GenMentor,":[45],"an":[46,85,90,111,146],"LLM-powered":[47],"multi-agent":[48],"framework":[49],"designed":[50],"goal-oriented,":[53],"within":[56],"ITS.":[57],"GenMentor":[58,106],"begins":[59],"accurately":[61],"mapping":[62],"learners'":[63,102],"goals":[64],"required":[66],"skills":[67],"using":[68,89],"a":[69,74,96],"fine-tuned":[70],"LLM":[71],"trained":[72],"on":[73],"custom":[75],"goal-to-skill":[76],"dataset.":[77],"After":[78],"identifying":[79],"the":[80],"skill":[81],"gap,":[82],"it":[83,138,144],"schedules":[84],"efficient":[86],"path":[88],"evolving":[91],"optimization":[92],"approach,":[93],"driven":[94],"comprehensive":[97],"and":[98,122,131,141,161],"dynamic":[99],"profile":[100],"multifaceted":[103],"status.":[104],"Additionally,":[105],"tailors":[107],"content":[109,132],"with":[110,116,151],"exploration-drafting-integration":[112],"mechanism":[113],"align":[115],"individual":[117],"learner":[118],"needs.":[119],"Extensive":[120],"automated":[121],"human":[123,149],"evaluations":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"GenMentor's":[126],"effectiveness":[127,157],"guidance":[130],"quality.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"deployed":[137],"practice":[140],"also":[142],"implemented":[143],"application.":[147],"Practical":[148],"study":[150],"learners":[153],"further":[154],"highlights":[155],"its":[156],"goal":[159],"alignment":[160],"resource":[162],"targeting,":[163],"leading":[164],"enhanced":[166],"personalization.":[167],"Supplementary":[168],"resources":[169],"are":[170],"available":[171],"at":[172],"ttps://github.com/GeminiLight/gen-mentor.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
