{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411549734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715210","title":"An Unbiased Entire-Space Causal Framework for Click-Through Rate Estimation in Pre-Ranking","display_name":"An Unbiased Entire-Space Causal Framework for Click-Through Rate Estimation in Pre-Ranking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411549734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3715210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077655737","display_name":"X.D. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuanlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089328925","display_name":"Xiangyu Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022864246","display_name":"Hao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-2847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085044191","display_name":"Jia Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391896","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute,Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute,Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113220723","display_name":"Zehua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-8095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070986387","display_name":"Changping Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2561-1919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changping Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009831083","display_name":"Zhangang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-5044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034421214","display_name":"Ching Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3275-2528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001629337","display_name":"Jingping Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-2020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingping Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["JD.com, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077655737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18184466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"306","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6835416555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6110517978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.46706730127334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.43304675817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.36993926763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34015417098999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2760651707649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.057616591453552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05103543400764465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6835416555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6110517978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.46706730127334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.43304675817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36993926763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34015417098999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2760651707649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.057616591453552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05103543400764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3715210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3715210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032536435","https://openalex.org/W2088640816","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2622338386","https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2908332126","https://openalex.org/W2962989965","https://openalex.org/W2984589663","https://openalex.org/W3012576969","https://openalex.org/W3012600133","https://openalex.org/W3101148092","https://openalex.org/W3153682915","https://openalex.org/W4223591050","https://openalex.org/W4224325518","https://openalex.org/W4284707446","https://openalex.org/W4290927705","https://openalex.org/W4290927708","https://openalex.org/W4297969478","https://openalex.org/W4310228395","https://openalex.org/W4313410623","https://openalex.org/W4382240101","https://openalex.org/W4387849088","https://openalex.org/W4396722732","https://openalex.org/W4400528083","https://openalex.org/W4401863452","https://openalex.org/W6600213211","https://openalex.org/W6637618735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2962838298","https://openalex.org/W2600246793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"advertising":[1,68,231],"systems":[2,19],"increasingly":[3],"depend":[4],"on":[5,37,75,209],"advanced":[6],"recommendation":[7],"algorithms":[8],"to":[9,45,58,117,192],"optimize":[10],"click-through":[11],"rates":[12],"(CTR)":[13],"and":[14,79,158,185,197,212,239],"maximize":[15],"revenue.":[16],"However,":[17],"these":[18],"frequently":[20],"grapple":[21],"with":[22,47],"sample":[23,94,148],"selection":[24,149],"bias":[25],"(SSB)":[26],"at":[27],"the":[28,40,65,98,102,120,138,169,176,182,188],"pre-ranking":[29,103],"stage,":[30,104],"where":[31],"CTR":[32,89,114,217],"estimation":[33,90],"models":[34],"are":[35],"trained":[36],"feedback":[38],"from":[39],"ranking":[41],"stage":[42],"but":[43,61],"applied":[44],"datasets":[46,211],"contrasting":[48],"distributions.":[49],"This":[50,222],"disparity":[51],"in":[52,88,101,216,228,236],"data":[53],"distributions":[54],"not":[55],"only":[56],"leads":[57],"inaccurate":[59],"estimations":[60],"also":[62],"significantly":[63],"undermines":[64],"effectiveness":[66,186],"of":[67,82,140,187,207],"strategies.":[69],"Most":[70],"existing":[71],"approaches,":[72],"which":[73],"rely":[74],"empirical":[76,196],"label":[77,129],"generation":[78,130],"random":[80],"sampling":[81],"unexposed":[83,133,141],"samples,":[84,123,142],"introduce":[85,125],"additional":[86],"distortions":[87],"without":[91],"adequately":[92],"addressing":[93],"biases.":[95],"To":[96],"tackle":[97],"SSB":[99],"issue":[100],"we":[105,124,143,165],"propose":[106],"a":[107,126,153,203,213],"comprehensive":[108],"unbiased":[109,128,146],"counterfactual":[110],"causal":[111,198],"framework":[112,171,201,223],"for":[113,132],"estimation.":[115],"Specifically,":[116],"fully":[118],"leverage":[119],"entire-":[121],"space":[122],"feature-level":[127],"module":[131,150],"samples.":[134],"Additionally,":[135],"while":[136],"modeling":[137],"propensity":[139],"present":[144],"an":[145],"automatic":[147],"that":[151,168],"strikes":[152],"balance":[154],"between":[155],"model":[156],"accuracy":[157,238],"computational":[159],"efficiency":[160],"over":[161],"large-scale":[162,229],"datasets.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"formally":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"proposed":[170,189],"maintains":[172],"theoretical":[173],"unbiasedness":[174],"across":[175],"entire-space.":[177],"Extensive":[178],"experimental":[179],"results":[180],"validate":[181],"superior":[183],"performance":[184],"framework.":[190],"Compared":[191],"current":[193],"state-of-the-art":[194],"(SOTA)":[195],"methods,":[199],"our":[200],"achieves":[202],"maximum":[204],"AUC":[205],"improvement":[206],"4.47%":[208],"offline":[210],"1.11%":[214],"increase":[215],"during":[218],"online":[219],"A/B":[220],"testing.":[221],"has":[224],"been":[225],"successfully":[226],"deployed":[227],"industrial":[230],"systems,":[232],"yielding":[233],"reliable":[234],"enhancements":[235],"prediction":[237],"revenue":[240],"outcomes.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
