{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404969853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701571.3701579","title":"Detecting Internal and External Attention in Virtual Reality: A Comparative Analysis of EEG Classification Methods","display_name":"Detecting Internal and External Attention in Virtual Reality: A Comparative Analysis of EEG Classification Methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404969853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701571.3701579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701571.3701579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701571.3701579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701571.3701579","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701571.3701579","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065523936","display_name":"Francesco Chiossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-7634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Chiossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-7634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044564680","display_name":"Changkun Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-7485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changkun Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-7485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010913778","display_name":"Felix Putze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Putze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040353906","display_name":"Sven Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5094,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95718531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"381","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7789821624755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.652294397354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6282414793968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4623137414455414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40178364515304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37098199129104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.174096018075943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08388692140579224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7789821624755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652294397354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6282414793968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4623137414455414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40178364515304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37098199129104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.174096018075943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08388692140579224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701571.3701579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701571.3701579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701571.3701579","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701571.3701579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701571.3701579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701571.3701579","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1616605873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3146585569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2,51654672 - TRR 161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401459825","display_name":"TRR 161: Quantitative Methoden f\u00fcr Visual Computing","funder_award_id":"251654672","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404969853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404969853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542992044","https://openalex.org/W1966132803","https://openalex.org/W1983839088","https://openalex.org/W2009989063","https://openalex.org/W2017844856","https://openalex.org/W2099509424","https://openalex.org/W2131321253","https://openalex.org/W2142308810","https://openalex.org/W2162095066","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2169918686","https://openalex.org/W2203714058","https://openalex.org/W2221184540","https://openalex.org/W2230936439","https://openalex.org/W2397822570","https://openalex.org/W2404411786","https://openalex.org/W2536935255","https://openalex.org/W2572973438","https://openalex.org/W2577537660","https://openalex.org/W2610954667","https://openalex.org/W2617388058","https://openalex.org/W2749069611","https://openalex.org/W2789972732","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W2798479175","https://openalex.org/W2805824609","https://openalex.org/W2899902988","https://openalex.org/W2915754179","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2925763617","https://openalex.org/W2953883802","https://openalex.org/W2962699674","https://openalex.org/W2979621981","https://openalex.org/W2980660890","https://openalex.org/W3019070025","https://openalex.org/W3019840411","https://openalex.org/W3092527763","https://openalex.org/W3111445649","https://openalex.org/W3123421154","https://openalex.org/W3155329778","https://openalex.org/W3175596362","https://openalex.org/W3215907302","https://openalex.org/W3216328473","https://openalex.org/W3216930648","https://openalex.org/W3217582675","https://openalex.org/W4212924002","https://openalex.org/W4214921575","https://openalex.org/W4245623645","https://openalex.org/W4283368962","https://openalex.org/W4283706248","https://openalex.org/W4293194544","https://openalex.org/W4293659335","https://openalex.org/W4293678113","https://openalex.org/W4302275239","https://openalex.org/W4309344694","https://openalex.org/W4309505705","https://openalex.org/W4386709233","https://openalex.org/W4387911411","https://openalex.org/W4388843478","https://openalex.org/W4401886360","https://openalex.org/W4403717169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"VR":[1,13,24,47,187],"environments":[2],"envision":[3],"adaptive":[4,186],"and":[5,20,37,51,69,89,99,142,146,150,179],"personalized":[6],"interactions.To":[7],"this":[8],"aim,":[9],"attention":[10,53,71,181],"detection":[11],"in":[12,54],"settings":[14],"would":[15],"allow":[16],"for":[17,185],"diverse":[18],"applications":[19],"improved":[21,161],"usability.However,":[22],"attention-aware":[23],"systems":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27,62],"EEG":[28,64,109,175],"data":[29,159],"suffer":[30],"from":[31,123],"long":[32],"training":[33,90,158],"periods,":[34],"hindering":[35],"generalizability":[36],"widespread":[38],"adoption.This":[39],"work":[40],"addresses":[41],"the":[42,57,74,87,94,114,168],"challenge":[43],"of":[44,59,76,86,170,177],"person-independent,":[45],"training-free":[46],"BCI":[48],"classifying":[49],"internal":[50,68,178],"external":[52,70,180],"VR.We":[55],"compared":[56],"performance":[58,131],"four":[60],"classifiers":[61],"an":[63],"dataset":[65],"(N=24)":[66],"featuring":[67],"labeled":[72],"classes.With":[73],"goal":[75],"online":[77,183],"adaptation,":[78],"we":[79],"tested":[80],"overall":[81],"accuracy,":[82,116],"different":[83],"window":[84,97,126],"lengths":[85],"data,":[88],"split":[91],"to":[92,173],"optimize":[93],"trade-off":[95],"between":[96],"length":[98,127],"classification":[100],"accuracy.Our":[101],"results":[102],"show":[103],"that":[104],"models":[105],"using":[106],"a":[107],"complete":[108],"band":[110],"combination":[111],"consistently":[112,164],"achieve":[113],"highest":[115],"with":[117,132],"Linear":[118],"Discriminant":[119],"Analysis":[120],"particularly":[121],"benefiting":[122],"full-band":[124],"data.The":[125],"impacts":[128],"most":[129],"models'":[130],"short":[133],"windows.LDA":[134],"achieved":[135],"optimal":[136],"accuracy":[137,162],"around":[138,144],"6.3":[139],"seconds,":[140,148],"SVM":[141],"NN":[143],"6.5":[145],"6":[147,155],"respectively,":[149],"RF":[151],"reached":[152],"stability":[153],"at":[154],"seconds.Lastly,":[156],"increasing":[157],"ratios":[160],"gains":[163],"across":[165],"models.We":[166],"discuss":[167],"potential":[169],"machine":[171],"learning":[172],"model":[174],"correlates":[176],"as":[182],"inputs":[184],"systems.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-09T07:27:16.801131","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}