{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407953214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703579","title":"How Do Recommendation Models Amplify Popularity Bias? An Analysis from the Spectral Perspective","display_name":"How Do Recommendation Models Amplify Popularity Bias? An Analysis from the Spectral Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407953214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701551.3703579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101190188","display_name":"Siyi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-6169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068892996","display_name":"Chongming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-9196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362815","display_name":"Jiawei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-2629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, and Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, and Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102754272","display_name":"Sheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3645-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076909486","display_name":"Binbin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2505-1619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018602206","display_name":"Yan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-5404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373367","display_name":"Chun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-7481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033018369","display_name":"Can Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5890-4307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China and Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101190188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.9336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99657311,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"659","last_page":"668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.8188590407371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7882287502288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6206858158111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-analysis","display_name":"Spectral analysis","score":0.455446720123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25345516204833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12496951222419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09345734119415283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.8188590407371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7882287502288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6206858158111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.455446720123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25345516204833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12496951222419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09345734119415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701551.3703579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8033211373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372399, 62476244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1224564842","https://openalex.org/W2020631728","https://openalex.org/W2046974451","https://openalex.org/W2069065514","https://openalex.org/W2512971201","https://openalex.org/W2605350416","https://openalex.org/W2629213068","https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2747800618","https://openalex.org/W2748058847","https://openalex.org/W2809583854","https://openalex.org/W2885580742","https://openalex.org/W2898365215","https://openalex.org/W2908404712","https://openalex.org/W2913491198","https://openalex.org/W2913754224","https://openalex.org/W3045200674","https://openalex.org/W3081170586","https://openalex.org/W3088511490","https://openalex.org/W3092103025","https://openalex.org/W3094546485","https://openalex.org/W3097679710","https://openalex.org/W3100407497","https://openalex.org/W3103310105","https://openalex.org/W3115418111","https://openalex.org/W3153906321","https://openalex.org/W3156622960","https://openalex.org/W3156939347","https://openalex.org/W3164238513","https://openalex.org/W3164548985","https://openalex.org/W3168738558","https://openalex.org/W3170713142","https://openalex.org/W3202904416","https://openalex.org/W4210334834","https://openalex.org/W4220909642","https://openalex.org/W4221030716","https://openalex.org/W4226280022","https://openalex.org/W4283702870","https://openalex.org/W4284669007","https://openalex.org/W4284706355","https://openalex.org/W4290944505","https://openalex.org/W4296604436","https://openalex.org/W4312551924","https://openalex.org/W4320830010","https://openalex.org/W4366460231","https://openalex.org/W4376122795","https://openalex.org/W4378464694","https://openalex.org/W4383993482","https://openalex.org/W4384642367","https://openalex.org/W4384648240","https://openalex.org/W4385275467","https://openalex.org/W4389675217","https://openalex.org/W4390144692","https://openalex.org/W4391801184","https://openalex.org/W4396723396","https://openalex.org/W4396723516","https://openalex.org/W4396735732","https://openalex.org/W4396757484","https://openalex.org/W4396758529","https://openalex.org/W4400413127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W4294565801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommendation":[0],"Systems":[1],"(RS)":[2],"are":[3],"often":[4,29],"plagued":[5],"by":[6,76],"popularity":[7,64,96],"bias.":[8,97],"When":[9],"training":[10],"a":[11,15],"recommendation":[12,40,78],"model":[13,20],"on":[14],"typically":[16],"long-tailed":[17],"dataset,":[18],"the":[19,39,52,68,72,77,86,90,95],"tends":[21],"to":[22,50],"not":[23],"only":[24],"inherit":[25],"this":[26,56],"bias":[27],"but":[28],"exacerbate":[30],"it,":[31],"resulting":[32],"in":[33,38,67],"over-representation":[34],"of":[35,55,71,89],"popular":[36],"items":[37],"lists.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43],"conducts":[44],"comprehensive":[45],"empirical":[46],"and":[47],"theoretical":[48],"analyses":[49],"expose":[51],"root":[53],"causes":[54],"phenomenon,":[57],"yielding":[58],"two":[59],"core":[60],"insights:":[61],"1)":[62],"Item":[63],"is":[65],"memorized":[66],"principal":[69,91],"spectrum":[70],"score":[73],"matrix":[74],"predicted":[75],"model;":[79],"2)":[80],"The":[81],"dimension":[82],"reduction":[83],"phenomenon":[84],"amplifies":[85],"relative":[87],"prominence":[88],"spectrum,":[92],"thereby":[93],"intensifying":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}