{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407953173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478","title":"Unifying Bias and Unfairness in Information Retrieval: New Challenges in the LLM Era","display_name":"Unifying Bias and Unfairness in Information Retrieval: New Challenges in the LLM Era","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407953173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701551.3703478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075518954","display_name":"Sunhao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7549-0860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunhao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385709","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-9358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101749108","display_name":"Shicheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004759804","display_name":"Liang Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-8546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021124418","display_name":"Zhenhua Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-4663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020766468","display_name":"Jun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-111X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075518954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.0589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9844187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"998","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6424041986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4500119090080261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6424041986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4500119090080261}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701551.3703478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701551.3703478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3703478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8868469210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62377044, 62276248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005143820","https://openalex.org/W2810397803","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3092103025","https://openalex.org/W3135473444","https://openalex.org/W3140399761","https://openalex.org/W3181882572","https://openalex.org/W3212661387","https://openalex.org/W3214527415","https://openalex.org/W4221030716","https://openalex.org/W4231934124","https://openalex.org/W4290927796","https://openalex.org/W4367047007","https://openalex.org/W4372347502","https://openalex.org/W4385302663","https://openalex.org/W4385638369","https://openalex.org/W4386728881","https://openalex.org/W4386730022","https://openalex.org/W4387846179","https://openalex.org/W4389518784","https://openalex.org/W4391876619","https://openalex.org/W4392384534","https://openalex.org/W4392846385","https://openalex.org/W4394947904","https://openalex.org/W4396758529","https://openalex.org/W4396812225","https://openalex.org/W4396832250","https://openalex.org/W4399115753","https://openalex.org/W4400065014","https://openalex.org/W4400528368","https://openalex.org/W4400529824","https://openalex.org/W4401857670","https://openalex.org/W4401863498","https://openalex.org/W4402671169","https://openalex.org/W6600708310","https://openalex.org/W6603850445","https://openalex.org/W6607990940","https://openalex.org/W6614377781","https://openalex.org/W6717243457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,33,43,52,94,98,164,171],"rapid":[2],"advancements":[3],"of":[4,45,62,88,100,108,118,166],"large":[5],"language":[6],"models":[7],"(LLMs),":[8],"information":[9,53],"retrieval":[10],"(IR)":[11],"systems,":[12,19],"such":[13],"as":[14,86],"search":[15],"engines":[16],"and":[17,47,64,67,83,91,110,128,135,140,154,168,174,178],"recommender":[18],"have":[20],"undergone":[21],"a":[22,59],"paradigm":[23],"shift":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"their":[27,137],"integration.":[28],"However,":[29],"integrating":[30,72],"LLMs":[31,73],"into":[32,74,121],"IR":[34,75,122,172],"pipelines":[35],"has":[36],"also":[37],"introduced":[38],"new":[39],"challenges,":[40],"particularly":[41],"in":[42,144,170,181],"form":[44],"biases":[46],"unfairness":[48,68,84,111,179],"that":[49],"may":[50],"disrupt":[51],"ecosystem.":[54],"This":[55],"tutorial":[56,79,161],"will":[57,132,149],"offer":[58],"comprehensive":[60],"overview":[61],"emerging":[63,113],"pressing":[65],"bias":[66,82,109,177],"issues":[69,85,112,180],"associated":[70],"with":[71],"systems.":[76],"Specifically,":[77],"this":[78,160,182],"first":[80],"unifies":[81],"problems":[87,153],"distribution":[89,101],"mismatch":[90],"further":[92],"categorizes":[93],"mitigation":[95,142],"strategies":[96,143],"under":[97],"umbrella":[99],"alignment.":[102],"Then,":[103],"we":[104,148],"summarize":[105],"several":[106],"types":[107],"from":[114],"three":[115],"critical":[116],"stages":[117],"LLM":[119,183],"integration":[120],"systems:":[123],"data":[124],"collection,":[125],"model":[126],"development,":[127],"result":[129],"evaluation.":[130],"We":[131,158],"systematically":[133],"review":[134],"analyze":[136],"definitions,":[138],"characteristics,":[139],"corresponding":[141],"recent":[145],"literature.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"highlight":[150],"some":[151],"open":[152],"future":[155],"research":[156],"directions.":[157],"hope":[159],"can":[162],"raise":[163],"awareness":[165],"researchers":[167],"stakeholders":[169],"field":[173],"beyond":[175],"regarding":[176],"era.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}