{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404316117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699538.3699540","title":"Exploring Error Types in Formal Languages Among Students of Upper Secondary Education","display_name":"Exploring Error Types in Formal Languages Among Students of Upper Secondary Education","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404316117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699538.3699540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699538.3699540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699538.3699540","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699538.3699540","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699538.3699540","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086631278","display_name":"Marko Schmellenkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-6590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marko Schmellenkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114412560","display_name":"Dennis Stanglmair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Stanglmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090477420","display_name":"Tilman Michaeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-8581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilman Michaeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023740993","display_name":"Thomas Zeume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-7507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zeume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086631278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74660397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6468653082847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.5362120866775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.46567413210868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3417153060436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33138507604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32859110832214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2111477553844452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6468653082847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.5362120866775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.46567413210868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3417153060436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33138507604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32859110832214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2111477553844452}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699538.3699540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699538.3699540","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699538.3699540","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1761918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1761918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699538.3699540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699538.3699540","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699538.3699540","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8670408253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"448468041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404316117.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530673042","https://openalex.org/W1594847506","https://openalex.org/W1606431121","https://openalex.org/W1964413906","https://openalex.org/W1980023962","https://openalex.org/W2012327646","https://openalex.org/W2013910226","https://openalex.org/W2019784509","https://openalex.org/W2041681678","https://openalex.org/W2128886782","https://openalex.org/W2165081250","https://openalex.org/W2186376468","https://openalex.org/W2186764439","https://openalex.org/W2265284310","https://openalex.org/W2337842228","https://openalex.org/W2343761914","https://openalex.org/W2357999276","https://openalex.org/W2560150188","https://openalex.org/W2593865023","https://openalex.org/W2609547559","https://openalex.org/W2746834036","https://openalex.org/W2766624855","https://openalex.org/W2796918693","https://openalex.org/W2885048964","https://openalex.org/W2942893277","https://openalex.org/W2989776965","https://openalex.org/W3003992896","https://openalex.org/W3023360888","https://openalex.org/W3045347538","https://openalex.org/W3099546535","https://openalex.org/W3140026896","https://openalex.org/W4323037650","https://openalex.org/W4392542348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231937131","https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W323219885","https://openalex.org/W2063928587","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W1487966966","https://openalex.org/W4312825515","https://openalex.org/W1589342014","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Foundations":[0],"of":[1,6,12,45,76,79,99,132],"formal":[2,48,107],"languages,":[3],"as":[4,82,89,97,124],"subfield":[5],"theoretical":[7],"computer":[8],"science,":[9],"are":[10],"part":[11],"typical":[13],"upper":[14,51],"secondary":[15,52],"education":[16,53],"curricula.":[17],"There":[18],"is":[19],"very":[20],"little":[21],"research":[22],"on":[23,41,112],"the":[24,57,83],"potential":[25],"difficulties":[26],"that":[27],"students":[28,136],"at":[29],"this":[30,34,37,139],"level":[31],"have":[32],"with":[33,109,138],"subject.":[35],"In":[36],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"report":[40],"an":[42,63],"exploratory":[43],"study":[44],"errors":[46],"in":[47,62],"languages":[49],"among":[50],"students.":[54],"We":[55],"collect":[56],"data":[58],"by":[59],"posing":[60],"exercises":[61],"intelligent":[64],"tutoring":[65],"system":[66],"and":[67,115,134],"analyzing":[68],"student":[69],"input.":[70],"Our":[71],"results":[72],"suggest":[73],"a)":[74],"instances":[75],"non-functional":[77],"understanding":[78,131],"concepts":[80],"such":[81,96],"empty":[84],"word":[85,104],"or":[86,105],"a":[87,90,103,125,129],"grammar":[88],"substitution":[91],"system;":[92],"b)":[93],"strategic":[94],"problems":[95],"lack":[98],"foresight":[100],"when":[101],"deriving":[102],"confounding":[106],"specifications":[108],"real-world":[110],"knowledge":[111],"certain":[113],"aspects;":[114],"c)":[116],"various":[117],"syntactic":[118],"problems.":[119],"These":[120],"findings":[121],"can":[122],"serve":[123],"starting":[126],"point":[127],"for":[128],"broader":[130],"how":[133],"why":[135],"struggle":[137],"topic.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}