{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403398606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699520","title":"An Entanglement-Aware Middleware for Digital Twins","display_name":"An Entanglement-Aware Middleware for Digital Twins","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403398606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699520","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175912","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","issn_l":"2577-6207","issn":["2577-6207","2691-1914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699520","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067123099","display_name":"Paolo Bellavista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Bellavista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044360074","display_name":"Nicola Bicocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-1887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Bicocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055176453","display_name":"Mattia Fogli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-4550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Fogli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050330813","display_name":"Carlo Giannelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-1191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Giannelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001933830","display_name":"Marco Mamei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-2107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mamei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034164818","display_name":"Marco Picone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-6909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Picone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067123099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88470857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.786348819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.6452279686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5881949067115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3558404743671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.2418299913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.15749171376228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1419338583946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.086098313331604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.786348819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.6452279686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5881949067115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3558404743671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2418299913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.15749171376228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1419338583946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.086098313331604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699520","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175912","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","issn_l":"2577-6207","issn":["2577-6207","2691-1914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/2571491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3699520","pdf_url":"https://sfera.unife.it/bitstream/11392/2571491/1/2024-ACM-TIOT-3699520.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1008052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1008052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1367518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1367518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3699520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3699520","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3699520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175912","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","issn_l":"2577-6207","issn":["2577-6207","2691-1914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403398606.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975283190","https://openalex.org/W2009429512","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2748896792","https://openalex.org/W2889377871","https://openalex.org/W2970312762","https://openalex.org/W2971108084","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W2991562055","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W3048448986","https://openalex.org/W3083585290","https://openalex.org/W3092051512","https://openalex.org/W3126767140","https://openalex.org/W3128569956","https://openalex.org/W3152733342","https://openalex.org/W3164531790","https://openalex.org/W3172890132","https://openalex.org/W3179975380","https://openalex.org/W3193885473","https://openalex.org/W4200271076","https://openalex.org/W4205480933","https://openalex.org/W4210446628","https://openalex.org/W4210530766","https://openalex.org/W4210698675","https://openalex.org/W4225537087","https://openalex.org/W4285112846","https://openalex.org/W4287887880","https://openalex.org/W4292387177","https://openalex.org/W4308149421","https://openalex.org/W4311644688","https://openalex.org/W4361799143","https://openalex.org/W4362496270","https://openalex.org/W4366085638","https://openalex.org/W4366818520","https://openalex.org/W4387872663","https://openalex.org/W4392183823","https://openalex.org/W4392244879","https://openalex.org/W6795656091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2258058860","https://openalex.org/W2065830994","https://openalex.org/W2092555887","https://openalex.org/W1964921276","https://openalex.org/W2741523612","https://openalex.org/W2102682197","https://openalex.org/W2101135880","https://openalex.org/W2071709897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,55,72,80,95,102,134,138],"the":[3,56,61,67,78,87,93,109,129,132,139],"Digital":[4],"Twin":[5],"(DT)":[6],"approach":[7],"is":[8],"tilting":[9],"research":[10],"from":[11],"initial":[12],"approaches":[13,97],"that":[14,104,118],"aim":[15],"at":[16],"promoting":[17],"early":[18],"adoption":[19],"to":[20,23],"sophisticated":[21],"attempts":[22],"develop,":[24],"deploy,":[25],"and":[26,40,65,77,98,108,131],"maintain":[27],"applications":[28],"based":[29],"on":[30,127],"DTs.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"context,":[34],"we":[35,84,91,113,123],"propose":[36],"a":[37,100,115,135],"highly":[38],"dynamic":[39],"distributed":[41],"ecosystem":[42],"where":[43],"containerized":[44],"DTs":[45,51,69,107],"co-evolve":[46],"with":[47],"an":[48],"orchestration":[49,62,110],"middleware.":[50,111],"provide":[52],"digitalized":[53],"representations":[54],"targeted":[57],"physical":[58],"systems,":[59],"while":[60],"middleware":[63],"monitors":[64],"re-configures":[66],"deployed":[68],"in":[70],"light":[71],"application":[73],"constraints,":[74],"available":[75],"resources,":[76],"quality":[79],"cyber-physical":[81],"entanglement.":[82],"First,":[83],"lay":[85],"out":[86],"reference":[88],"scenario.":[89],"Then,":[90],"discuss":[92],"limitations":[94],"current":[96],"identify":[99],"set":[101],"requirements":[103],"shape":[105],"both":[106,128],"Subsequently,":[112],"describe":[114],"blueprint":[116],"architecture":[117],"meets":[119],"those":[120],"requirements.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"report":[124],"empirical":[125],"evidence":[126],"feasibility":[130],"effectiveness":[133],"proof-of-concept":[136],"implementation":[137],"proposed":[140],"ecosystem.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}