{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405424272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493","title":"Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Spinal Fusion Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients","display_name":"Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Spinal Fusion Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405424272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3698587.3701493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093003511","display_name":"J. Ben Tamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3780-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Ben Tamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093003512","display_name":"Micky C. Nnamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0915-6342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micky C. Nnamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036325974","display_name":"Andrew Hornback","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5461-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Hornback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthew Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034193264","display_name":"Wenqi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-7342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010965105","display_name":"Yuanda Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanda Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091079596","display_name":"Henry J. Iwinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-9531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159728","display_name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children Medical Center - Lexington","ror":"https://ror.org/05k7z2b58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144267","https://openalex.org/I4210159728"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry J. Iwinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shriners Children's, Lexington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shriners Children's, Lexington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030096887","display_name":"May D. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-3608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May D. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093003511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88813622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12154","display_name":"Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoliosis","display_name":"Scoliosis","score":0.7665729522705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-fusion","display_name":"Spinal fusion","score":0.7563376426696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idiopathic-scoliosis","display_name":"Idiopathic scoliosis","score":0.732166588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5772640705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-surgery","display_name":"Spinal surgery","score":0.5740748643875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.32276442646980286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780955175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Scoliosis","level":2,"score":0.7665729522705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770609","display_name":"Spinal fusion","level":2,"score":0.7563376426696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993634128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Idiopathic scoliosis","level":3,"score":0.732166588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5772640705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994406423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Spinal surgery","level":2,"score":0.5740748643875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.32276442646980286}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3698587.3701493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3698587.3701493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698587.3701493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516659296","https://openalex.org/W1978108654","https://openalex.org/W2049799298","https://openalex.org/W2064903582","https://openalex.org/W2159805452","https://openalex.org/W2164821482","https://openalex.org/W2336484160","https://openalex.org/W2624816748","https://openalex.org/W2769339277","https://openalex.org/W2936988312","https://openalex.org/W2946421931","https://openalex.org/W2951934944","https://openalex.org/W3124658416","https://openalex.org/W3211247021","https://openalex.org/W4205151868","https://openalex.org/W4206204108","https://openalex.org/W4221163971","https://openalex.org/W4226205092","https://openalex.org/W4284967065","https://openalex.org/W4288421320","https://openalex.org/W4294975329","https://openalex.org/W4317462487","https://openalex.org/W4387346544","https://openalex.org/W4388293050","https://openalex.org/W4399054042","https://openalex.org/W4402937536","https://openalex.org/W4405424255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283395162","https://openalex.org/W1996917299","https://openalex.org/W4295359092","https://openalex.org/W2774648209","https://openalex.org/W4253089171","https://openalex.org/W2470935408","https://openalex.org/W3094059189","https://openalex.org/W3207143113","https://openalex.org/W2348140816","https://openalex.org/W4322707967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adolescent":[0],"Idiopathic":[1],"Scoliosis":[2],"(AIS)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,10,34,63,172],"prevalent":[6],"spinal":[7,19],"deformity":[8],"affecting":[9],"significant":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,37,49,139],"adolescents":[14],"worldwide.":[15],"Surgical":[16],"interventions":[17],"like":[18],"fusion":[20],"surgery":[21],"are":[22],"common":[23],"treatments":[24],"for":[25,175],"severe":[26],"cases,":[27],"but":[28],"variability":[29],"in":[30,52,178],"patient":[31,156,186],"responses":[32],"necessitates":[33],"deeper":[35],"understanding":[36],"heterogeneous":[38],"treatment":[39,81,145,152],"effects":[40],"(HTEs).":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,169],"study,":[44],"we":[45],"estimate":[46],"the":[47,90,123,137,143],"HTEs":[48,148],"surgical":[50,167],"intervention":[51],"AIS":[53,185],"patients":[54],"using":[55,117],"advanced":[56],"causal":[57,163],"machine":[58],"learning":[59],"techniques.":[60],"We":[61,104,130],"utilize":[62],"comprehensive":[64],"dataset":[65],"comprising":[66],"demographic":[67],"and":[68,98,114,122,158],"radiographic":[69],"parameters,":[70],"as":[71,73],"well":[72],"patient-reported":[74],"outcomes":[75,92],"(PROs),":[76],"to":[77,109,126,135,166],"identify":[78],"factors":[79],"influencing":[80],"effects.":[82,146],"Our":[83],"approach":[84],"employs":[85],"two":[86],"primary":[87],"paradigms":[88],"within":[89],"potential":[91],"framework:":[93],"(1)":[94],"counterfactual":[95],"prediction":[96],"(T-learner)":[97],"(2)":[99],"direct":[100],"effect":[101],"estimation":[102],"(X-learner).":[103],"first":[105],"perform":[106],"balance":[107],"checks":[108],"ensure":[110],"comparability":[111],"between":[112],"treated":[113],"control":[115],"groups,":[116],"standardized":[118],"mean":[119],"differences":[120],"(SMD)":[121],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[124],"test":[125],"assess":[127],"covariate":[128],"balance.":[129],"then":[131],"conduct":[132],"regression":[133],"analyses":[134],"investigate":[136],"influence":[138],"individual":[140],"covariates":[141],"on":[142],"estimated":[144],"Estimating":[147],"can":[149],"inform":[150],"personalized":[151,176],"strategies,":[153],"potentially":[154,181],"improving":[155],"satisfaction":[157],"clinical":[159],"outcomes.":[160],"By":[161],"applying":[162],"inference":[164],"methods":[165],"treatments,":[168],"study":[170],"provides":[171],"robust":[173],"framework":[174],"medicine":[177],"scoliosis":[179],"care,":[180],"facilitating":[182],"more":[183],"effective":[184],"management.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}