{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405384290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3697355.3697382","title":"Analysis of deep learning algorithms for emotion classification based on facial expression recognition","display_name":"Analysis of deep learning algorithms for emotion classification based on facial expression recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405384290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3697355.3697382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3697355.3697382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3697355.3697382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 8th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458940","display_name":"Cheng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2104-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108537","display_name":"University of Saint Joseph","ror":"https://ror.org/01m6ap410","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108537"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Engineering and Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2104-7718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Engineering and Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049462454","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Alexandre L\u00f4bo Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-8784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108537","display_name":"University of Saint Joseph","ror":"https://ror.org/01m6ap410","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108537"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Alexandre Lobo Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Applied Neurosciences, University of Saint Joseph, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-8784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Applied Neurosciences, University of Saint Joseph, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108537"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086422507","display_name":"Simon Fong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-7246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon James Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-7246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9490594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6826226711273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.633226215839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.6235448122024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6151496767997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5345895290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5328273177146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4522365927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4274172782897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.41898733377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4113868176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3271481394767761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6826226711273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.633226215839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.6235448122024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6151496767997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5345895290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5328273177146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4522365927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4274172782897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.41898733377456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4113868176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3271481394767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3697355.3697382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3697355.3697382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 8th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610952410","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2744909235","https://openalex.org/W2898939009","https://openalex.org/W2902959396","https://openalex.org/W2949650786","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W3144058330","https://openalex.org/W3179469730","https://openalex.org/W3188943145","https://openalex.org/W3190695173","https://openalex.org/W3207246414","https://openalex.org/W4206103094","https://openalex.org/W4220672327","https://openalex.org/W4220945658","https://openalex.org/W4240059621","https://openalex.org/W4293691137","https://openalex.org/W4295008533","https://openalex.org/W4300435436","https://openalex.org/W4321065573","https://openalex.org/W4324267459","https://openalex.org/W4361205185","https://openalex.org/W4362496987","https://openalex.org/W4372266709","https://openalex.org/W4385226077","https://openalex.org/W4385732631","https://openalex.org/W4386389042","https://openalex.org/W4387143690","https://openalex.org/W4396601456","https://openalex.org/W4399645149","https://openalex.org/W6778907217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2642127892","https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2901126000","https://openalex.org/W2584926856","https://openalex.org/W2075935902","https://openalex.org/W4323520705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0,42],"expression":[1],"recognition":[2],"(FER)":[3],"is":[4,11],"essential":[5],"for":[6],"discerning":[7],"human":[8],"emotions":[9],"and":[10,20,39,61,76,140,154],"applied":[12],"extensively":[13],"in":[14,84,109,128,134],"big":[15],"data":[16],"analytics,":[17],"healthcare,":[18],"security,":[19],"user":[21],"experience":[22],"enhancement.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"an":[27],"empirical":[28],"study":[29],"that":[30],"evaluates":[31],"four":[32],"existing":[33],"deep":[34,111],"learning":[35,102],"models\u2014VGG16,":[36],"DenseNet,":[37],"ResNet50,":[38],"GoogLeNet\u2014utilizing":[40],"the":[41,90,117,122,148],"Expression":[43],"Recognition":[44],"2013":[45],"(FER2013)":[46],"dataset.":[47],"The":[48],"dataset":[49],"contains":[50],"seven":[51],"distinct":[52],"emotional":[53],"expressions:":[54],"angry,":[55],"disgust,":[56],"fear,":[57],"happy,":[58],"neutral,":[59],"sad,":[60],"surprise.":[62],"Each":[63],"model":[64,152],"underwent":[65],"rigorous":[66],"assessment":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69],"metrics":[70],"including":[71],"test":[72,81,95,119],"accuracy,":[73,135],"training":[74,110,138],"duration,":[75],"weight":[77,143],"file":[78,144],"size":[79,145],"to":[80,104],"their":[82],"effectiveness":[83],"FER":[85,129],"tasks.":[86],"ResNet50":[87],"emerged":[88],"as":[89],"top":[91],"performer":[92],"with":[93],"a":[94,141],"accuracy":[96,120],"of":[97],"69.46%,":[98],"leveraging":[99],"its":[100],"residual":[101],"architecture":[103],"effectively":[105],"address":[106],"challenges":[107],"inherent":[108,149],"neural":[112],"networks.":[113],"Conversely,":[114],"GoogLeNet":[115],"exhibited":[116],"lowest":[118],"among":[121],"models,":[123],"suggesting":[124],"potential":[125],"architectural":[126],"constraints":[127],"applications.":[130],"VGG16,":[131],"while":[132],"competitive":[133],"demonstrated":[136],"lengthier":[137],"times":[139],"larger":[142],"(512MB),":[146],"highlighting":[147],"balance":[150],"between":[151],"complexity":[153],"computational":[155],"efficiency.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}