{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410088531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714748","title":"LoCal: Logical and Causal Fact-Checking with LLM-Based Multi-Agents","display_name":"LoCal: Logical and Causal Fact-Checking with LLM-Based Multi-Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410088531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3696410.3714748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714748","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3696410.3714748","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3696410.3714748","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117436080","display_name":"Jiatong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiatong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9350-5381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063307425","display_name":"Linmei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linmei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-8495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117436081","display_name":"Rang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8145-932X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117436082","display_name":"Wenbo Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114234892","display_name":"Beijing Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg31662","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114234892"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Union University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4346-6203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Union University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114234892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.8991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99579703,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1614","last_page":"1625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7007156610488892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7007156610488892}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3696410.3714748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714748","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3696410.3714748","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3696410.3714748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3696410.3714748","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3696410.3714748","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2815490039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323110","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410088531.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410088531.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594382603","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2906839304","https://openalex.org/W2950336186","https://openalex.org/W2951307134","https://openalex.org/W3017344694","https://openalex.org/W3017402509","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W3034808961","https://openalex.org/W3034828027","https://openalex.org/W3034850762","https://openalex.org/W3070920170","https://openalex.org/W3098829544","https://openalex.org/W3101682885","https://openalex.org/W3101757358","https://openalex.org/W3148825389","https://openalex.org/W3168128461","https://openalex.org/W3169920290","https://openalex.org/W3170180819","https://openalex.org/W3174432697","https://openalex.org/W3176546569","https://openalex.org/W3176640961","https://openalex.org/W3180230246","https://openalex.org/W3194769714","https://openalex.org/W3196268181","https://openalex.org/W3210131246","https://openalex.org/W4285254998","https://openalex.org/W4290875180","https://openalex.org/W4290927845","https://openalex.org/W4306661307","https://openalex.org/W4307079201","https://openalex.org/W4308759040","https://openalex.org/W4321766812","https://openalex.org/W4327486059","https://openalex.org/W4365799947","https://openalex.org/W4379539320","https://openalex.org/W4385572752","https://openalex.org/W4385572870","https://openalex.org/W4385573205","https://openalex.org/W4385573264","https://openalex.org/W4388820628","https://openalex.org/W4389520103","https://openalex.org/W4389521058","https://openalex.org/W4401042773","https://openalex.org/W6865487923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,52,60,68,145,150,187,197,203,213,242,249,255,262,272,276,282,288,299,307],"development":[2],"of":[3,13,87,110,133,154,175,205,313],"social":[4],"media,":[5],"people":[6],"are":[7,178,236],"exposed":[8],"to":[9,58,72,115,120,128,156,181,185,219,227,239,248],"a":[10,85,99,125,134,221,324],"vast":[11],"amount":[12],"unverified":[14],"information,":[15],"making":[16],"fact-checking":[17,21,97,101],"particularly":[18],"important.":[19],"Existing":[20],"methods":[22],"primarily":[23,131],"encourage":[24],"breaking":[25],"down":[26,158],"claims":[27,160],"into":[28,161],"more":[29],"easily":[30],"solvable":[31],"sub-tasks,":[32,163],"and":[33,50,63,95,140,168,196,215,230,252,279,284,298],"deriving":[34],"final":[35],"answers":[36],"through":[37],"reasoning":[38,69,138,176,289],"with":[39,328],"external":[40,183],"evidence.":[41,209],"However,":[42],"these":[43],"models":[44,309],"face":[45],"logical":[46,229,283],"issues":[47],"regarding":[48],"whether":[49,241,254],"how":[51],"sub-tasks":[53,214],"can":[54],"logically":[55,246],"be":[56],"combined":[57],"form":[59],"original":[61,250],"claims,":[62],"encounter":[64],"causal":[65,231,285],"errors":[66,286],"in":[67,124,287],"process":[70],"due":[71,114],"insufficient":[73],"evidence":[74,314],"or":[75],"hallucinations":[76],"from":[77,84,208],"LLMs.":[78],"In":[79,89,225,316],"addition,":[80,317],"they":[81],"often":[82],"suffer":[83],"lack":[86],"interpretability.":[88],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"Logical":[94],"Causal":[96],"(LoCal),":[98],"novel":[100],"framework":[102],"based":[103,274],"on":[104,275,294],"multiple":[105,137],"LLM-based":[106],"agents.":[107,143],"The":[108,265],"usage":[109],"multi-agent":[111],"systems":[112],"is":[113,245],"their":[116,216],"increasingly":[117],"demonstrated":[118],"ability":[119,153,204],"perform":[121],"complex":[122,159],"tasks":[123,167,190,200],"manner":[126],"similar":[127],"humans.":[129],"LoCal":[130,293,303,318,334],"consists":[132],"decomposing":[135,146],"agent,":[136],"agents,":[139],"two":[141,173,233,295],"evaluating":[142,234,266,330],"Specifically,":[144],"agent":[147],"first":[148],"utilizes":[149],"in-context":[151],"learning":[152],"LLMs":[155],"break":[157],"simpler":[162],"including":[164],"fact":[165,188],"verification":[166,189],"question":[169,198],"answering":[170,199],"tasks.":[171],"Afterwards,":[172],"types":[174],"agents":[177,235,267],"respectively":[179,237],"utilized":[180],"retrieve":[182],"knowledge":[184],"address":[186],"that":[191,201,302],"require":[192],"comparative":[193],"analysis":[194],"skills,":[195],"necessitate":[202],"information":[206],"extraction":[207],"We":[210,291,332],"then":[211],"combine":[212],"corresponding":[217],"responses":[218],"generate":[220],"solution":[222,244,256,326],"for":[223,271,339],"evaluation.":[224],"order":[226],"enhance":[228],"consistency,":[232],"employed":[238],"examine":[240],"generated":[243],"equivalent":[247],"claim":[251],"determine":[253],"still":[257],"holds":[258],"when":[259],"challenged":[260],"by":[261,322],"counterfactual":[263],"label.":[264],"provide":[268,336],"confidence":[269],"degrees":[270],"solutions":[273],"evaluation":[277],"results":[278,300],"iteratively":[280],"correct":[281],"process.":[290],"evaluate":[292],"challenging":[296],"datasets,":[297],"show":[301],"significantly":[304],"outperforms":[305],"all":[306],"baseline":[308],"across":[310],"different":[311],"settings":[312],"availability.":[315],"offers":[319],"better":[320],"interpretability":[321],"providing":[323],"structured":[325],"along":[327],"detailed":[329],"processes.":[331],"believe":[333],"will":[335],"valuable":[337],"insights":[338],"future":[340],"misinformation":[341],"detection.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
