{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405348632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3695794.3695815","title":"To Cache or not to Cache? Exploring the Design Space of Tunable, HLS-generated Accelerators","display_name":"To Cache or not to Cache? Exploring the Design Space of Tunable, HLS-generated Accelerators","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405348632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3695794.3695815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3695794.3695815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3695794.3695815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013333236","display_name":"Claudio Barone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115424444","display_name":"Rishika Kushwah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishika Kushwah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086470591","display_name":"Ankur Limaye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur Limaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000893617","display_name":"Vito Giovanni Castellana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vito Giovanni Castellana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085682395","display_name":"Giovanni Gozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6311-5458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Gozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008177871","display_name":"Michele Fiorito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Fiorito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028565685","display_name":"Fabrizio Ferrandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-4419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Ferrandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041853964","display_name":"Antonino Tumeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Tumeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013333236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06240316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"210","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.8032152652740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7384114265441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.5892751216888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cache","display_name":"Smart Cache","score":0.566780686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5116079449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.45284783840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.4294062554836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4255898594856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42353206872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-invalidation","display_name":"Cache invalidation","score":0.4204787611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-coloring","display_name":"Cache coloring","score":0.42000916600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3799605965614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21547859907150269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.8032152652740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7384114265441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.5892751216888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167713795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"Smart Cache","level":5,"score":0.566780686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5116079449653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.45284783840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.4294062554836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4255898594856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42353206872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25536678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015977","display_name":"Cache invalidation","level":5,"score":0.4204787611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201148951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015976","display_name":"Cache coloring","level":4,"score":0.42000916600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3799605965614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21547859907150269}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3695794.3695815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3695794.3695815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1285590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1285590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488334790","https://openalex.org/W2912012512","https://openalex.org/W3186473960","https://openalex.org/W3212867926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114386333","https://openalex.org/W2734782074","https://openalex.org/W2133489088","https://openalex.org/W2363769136","https://openalex.org/W4307138321","https://openalex.org/W2098406302","https://openalex.org/W2148571123","https://openalex.org/W2126408955","https://openalex.org/W2031173804","https://openalex.org/W2369103246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,115],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"hardware":[3,22,42],"specialization":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"the":[7,12,51,90,104,111,129,139,147,180,185,193,238],"dominant":[8],"strategy":[9],"for":[10,103,170],"accelerating":[11],"performance":[13,67,164,227],"of":[14,93,110,135,188,195],"emerging":[15],"applications.":[16,95],"However,":[17],"designing":[18],"and":[19,27,40,68,107,158],"integrating":[20],"custom":[21,126],"is":[23,101,138,150],"a":[24,120,210],"complex,":[25],"time-consuming,":[26],"costly":[28],"process.":[29],"High-Level":[30],"Synthesis":[31],"(HLS)":[32],"tools":[33,57],"mitigate":[34],"these":[35,94],"issues":[36],"by":[37,191,228],"designing,":[38],"prototyping,":[39],"deploying":[41],"accelerators":[43,70],"on":[44,79,199,204],"reconfigurable":[45],"devices":[46],"(e.g.,":[47],"FPGAs)":[48],"attached":[49],"to":[50,64,85,88,141,146,162,179,215,230,237],"computing":[52],"systems.":[53],"The":[54,75,132],"conventional":[55,239],"HLS":[56,105],"aim":[58],"at":[59],"exploiting":[60],"instruction":[61],"level":[62],"parallelism":[63],"achieve":[65],"superior":[66],"generate":[69],"with":[71,232],"fine-grained":[72],"memory":[73,78,98,113],"accesses.":[74],"limited":[76],"on-device":[77],"FPGA":[80],"necessitates":[81],"frequent":[82],"direct":[83],"access":[84],"external":[86],"memories":[87],"satisfy":[89],"data":[91],"requirements":[92],"Thus,":[96],"improving":[97],"bandwidth":[99],"utilization":[100],"challenging":[102],"flows,":[106],"requires":[108],"rethinking":[109],"accelerators\u2019":[112],"subsystem.":[114],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118,207],"present":[119,209],"synthesis":[121],"methodology":[122,167,190],"that":[123,212,222],"seamlessly":[124],"introduces":[125],"caches":[127,224],"into":[128],"HLS-generated":[130],"designs.":[131,241],"key":[133],"feature":[134],"our":[136,189,205],"approach":[137],"ability":[140],"fine-tune":[142,216],"cache":[143,197,217],"parameters":[144],"specific":[145],"accelerator.":[148],"This":[149],"crucial":[151],"since":[152],"different":[153,163],"workloads":[154],"exhibit":[155],"varying":[156],"spatial":[157],"temporal":[159],"locality,":[160],"leading":[161],"trade-offs.":[165],"Our":[166,219],"also":[168,208],"allows":[169],"efficient":[171],"design":[172],"space":[173],"exploration":[174],"without":[175],"requiring":[176],"user":[177],"modifications":[178],"input":[181],"specification.":[182],"We":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"practical":[186],"application":[187],"studying":[192],"effects":[194],"various":[196],"configurations":[198],"selected":[200],"kernels\u2019":[201],"performance.":[202],"Based":[203],"study,":[206],"heuristic":[211],"guides":[213],"users":[214],"parameters.":[218],"study":[220],"shows":[221],"fine-tuning":[223],"can":[225],"improve":[226],"up":[229],"3.5\u00d7":[231],"13%":[233],"resource":[234],"overhead,":[235],"compared":[236],"non-cached":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
