{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404556742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204","title":"By the Numbers: Towards Standard Evaluation Metrics for Programmable Logic Controllers' Defenses","display_name":"By the Numbers: Towards Standard Evaluation Metrics for Programmable Logic Controllers' Defenses","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404556742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3689930.3695204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Re-design Industrial Control Systems with Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073390580","display_name":"Efr\u00e9n L\u00f3pez-Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4014-4776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Efr\u00e9n L\u00f3pez-Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067062993","display_name":"Jacob R. Hopkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-3099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Hopkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016892225","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro A. C\u00e1rdenas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro A. Cardenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003448580","display_name":"Ali Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Saarland, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Saarland, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031836695","display_name":"Carlos Rubio-Medrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8931-6412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96749437","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Corpus Christi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mrfdz82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Rubio-Medrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073390580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96749437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22597984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.674020528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-controller","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","score":0.5621978640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-device","display_name":"Programmable logic device","score":0.5117713809013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4334057569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-array","display_name":"Programmable logic array","score":0.43094584345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2807207405567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11112993955612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09162008762359619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.674020528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.5621978640556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206274596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063837","display_name":"Programmable logic device","level":2,"score":0.5117713809013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4334057569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182322920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112217","display_name":"Programmable logic array","level":3,"score":0.43094584345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2807207405567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11112993955612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09162008762359619}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3689930.3695204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Re-design Industrial Control Systems with Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3689930.3695204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689930.3695204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Re-design Industrial Control Systems with Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157492013","https://openalex.org/W1994163368","https://openalex.org/W2000050212","https://openalex.org/W2077183348","https://openalex.org/W2077699686","https://openalex.org/W2085379628","https://openalex.org/W2751592946","https://openalex.org/W2771494169","https://openalex.org/W2917582573","https://openalex.org/W2969490891","https://openalex.org/W2969920946","https://openalex.org/W2972765956","https://openalex.org/W2979010465","https://openalex.org/W3107123323","https://openalex.org/W3108707471","https://openalex.org/W3146612261","https://openalex.org/W3164513951","https://openalex.org/W3205502046","https://openalex.org/W4229596932","https://openalex.org/W4230591936","https://openalex.org/W4249935030","https://openalex.org/W4378191980","https://openalex.org/W4402288751","https://openalex.org/W4404612198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391047221","https://openalex.org/W616788921","https://openalex.org/W2794067684","https://openalex.org/W2358591189","https://openalex.org/W1440679304","https://openalex.org/W2349971688","https://openalex.org/W4205515025","https://openalex.org/W2391779044","https://openalex.org/W3109094737","https://openalex.org/W2750629981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"modern":[1],"society":[2],"relies":[3],"on":[4,60],"important":[5],"utility":[6],"infrastructures":[7,19],"such":[8,30,68],"as":[9,31,46,49,69],"water":[10],"treatment":[11],"plants":[12],"and":[13,34,55],"electric":[14],"energy":[15,71],"distribution":[16],"grids.":[17],"These":[18],"are":[20,40],"managed":[21],"by":[22],"Industrial":[23],"Control":[24],"Systems":[25],"(ICS),":[26],"which":[27],"include":[28],"devices":[29],"sensors,":[32],"actuators":[33],"Programmable":[35],"Logic":[36],"Controllers":[37],"(PLCs).":[38],"PLCs":[39],"a":[41,50,61],"key":[42],"component":[43],"of":[44],"ICS":[45],"they":[47],"serve":[48],"bridge":[51],"connecting":[52],"the":[53],"cyber":[54],"physical":[56],"worlds.":[57],"A":[58],"cyberattack":[59],"PLC":[62],"could":[63],"have":[64],"disastrous":[65],"real-world":[66],"consequences,":[67],"longstanding":[70],"blackouts.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}