{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403680439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689904.3694706","title":"Ending Affirmative Action Harms Diversity Without Improving Academic Merit","display_name":"Ending Affirmative Action Harms Diversity Without Improving Academic Merit","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403680439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689904.3694706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3689904.3694706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689904.3694706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035602268","display_name":"Jinsook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinsook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-1342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004193569","display_name":"Emma Harvey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-4963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Harvey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-4963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102716714","display_name":"Joyce Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-3970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101957840","display_name":"Nikhil Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Tech, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Tech, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014687727","display_name":"Thorsten Joachims","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Joachims","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-3683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071778778","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 F. Kizilcec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-5546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 F. Kizilcec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-5546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035602268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89912723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14181","display_name":"Academic Freedom and Politics","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14181","display_name":"Academic Freedom and Politics","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"Affirmative action","score":0.9290833473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.7160078287124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4767904281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3923025131225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3747556209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.19244328141212463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.9290833473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7160078287124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4767904281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3923025131225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3747556209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19244328141212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3689904.3694706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3689904.3694706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1899801494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2008139,IIS-2312865","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601803849","https://openalex.org/W2082462244","https://openalex.org/W2117115207","https://openalex.org/W2125995523","https://openalex.org/W2150148859","https://openalex.org/W2529041930","https://openalex.org/W2704480242","https://openalex.org/W2787991113","https://openalex.org/W2801298410","https://openalex.org/W2910548926","https://openalex.org/W2913525780","https://openalex.org/W2943448257","https://openalex.org/W2962762307","https://openalex.org/W2995006168","https://openalex.org/W2995382404","https://openalex.org/W3003162384","https://openalex.org/W3005317579","https://openalex.org/W3046896121","https://openalex.org/W3101243562","https://openalex.org/W3102092462","https://openalex.org/W3102518922","https://openalex.org/W3122939459","https://openalex.org/W3133874049","https://openalex.org/W3135667590","https://openalex.org/W3162490344","https://openalex.org/W3199361960","https://openalex.org/W3210389344","https://openalex.org/W4223953641","https://openalex.org/W4233261149","https://openalex.org/W4280598593","https://openalex.org/W4280652991","https://openalex.org/W4283156909","https://openalex.org/W4283166825","https://openalex.org/W4283169532","https://openalex.org/W4303646451","https://openalex.org/W4306405341","https://openalex.org/W4320853676","https://openalex.org/W4380319991","https://openalex.org/W4380367290","https://openalex.org/W4384625772","https://openalex.org/W4387430790","https://openalex.org/W4388162395","https://openalex.org/W4391879283","https://openalex.org/W4393161133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1568702712","https://openalex.org/W640333583","https://openalex.org/W2914285022","https://openalex.org/W2566656971","https://openalex.org/W2532548964","https://openalex.org/W1561464264","https://openalex.org/W1985139021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Each":[0],"year,":[1],"selective":[2],"American":[3],"colleges":[4,30],"sort":[5],"through":[6],"tens":[7],"of":[8,10,40,69,98,147,171,197,201,209,217,238,244],"thousands":[9],"applications":[11,41,177],"to":[12,34,61,94,109,113,126,133,164],"identify":[13],"a":[14,137,144,188,235],"first-year":[15],"class":[16],"that":[17,50,64,183,210,230,254],"displays":[18],"both":[19],"academic":[20,70,207],"merit":[21,208],"and":[22,100,253],"diversity.":[23],"In":[24],"the":[25,38,56,81,96,120,169,176,195,198,206,215,250,259],"2023-2024":[26],"admissions":[27],"cycle,":[28],"these":[29,127,149],"faced":[31],"unprecedented":[32],"challenges":[33],"doing":[35],"so.":[36],"First,":[37],"number":[39],"has":[42,65,234],"been":[43,67],"steadily":[44],"growing":[45],"year-over-year.":[46],"Second,":[47],"test-optional":[48],"policies":[49,174],"have":[51,88],"remained":[52],"in":[53,80,139,225,249,264],"place":[54],"since":[55],"COVID-19":[57],"pandemic":[58],"limit":[59],"access":[60],"key":[62],"information":[63],"historically":[66],"predictive":[68],"success.":[71],"Most":[72],"recently,":[73],"longstanding":[74],"debates":[75],"over":[76],"affirmative":[77],"action":[78],"culminated":[79],"Supreme":[82],"Court":[83],"banning":[84],"race-conscious":[85],"admissions.":[86],"Colleges":[87],"explored":[89],"machine":[90],"learning":[91],"(ML)":[92],"models":[93],"address":[95,165],"issues":[97],"scale":[99],"missing":[101],"test":[102],"scores,":[103],"often":[104],"via":[105],"ranking":[106,155,192,260],"algorithms":[107],"intended":[108],"allow":[110],"human":[111],"reviewers":[112],"focus":[114],"attention":[115],"on":[116,175,220],"\u2018top\u2019":[117],"applicants.":[118,268],"However,":[119],"Court\u2019s":[121],"ruling":[122],"will":[123,152],"force":[124],"changes":[125,151],"models,":[128],"which":[129],"were":[130],"previously":[131,189],"able":[132],"consider":[134],"race":[135,185,256],"as":[136],"factor":[138],"ranking.":[140],"There":[141],"is":[142],"currently":[143],"poor":[145],"understanding":[146],"how":[148],"mandated":[150],"shape":[153],"applicant":[154,191,226],"algorithms,":[156],"and,":[157],"by":[158,167,222],"extension,":[159],"admitted":[160],"classes.":[161],"We":[162,181,212,228],"seek":[163],"this":[166],"quantifying":[168,223],"impact":[170,216],"different":[172],"admission":[173],"prioritized":[178],"for":[179,266],"review.":[180],"show":[182],"removing":[184,255],"data":[186,257],"from":[187,258],"developed":[190],"algorithm":[193,261],"reduces":[194],"diversity":[196],"top-ranked":[199],"pool":[200],"applicants":[202,245],"without":[203],"meaningfully":[204],"increasing":[205],"pool.":[211],"further":[213],"measure":[214],"policy":[218,233],"change":[219],"individuals":[221],"arbitrariness":[224,239,263],"rank.":[227],"find":[229],"any":[231],"given":[232],"high":[236],"degree":[237],"(i.e.":[240],"at":[241],"most":[242,267],"9%":[243],"are":[246],"consistently":[247],"ranked":[248],"top":[251],"20%),":[252],"increases":[262],"outcomes":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
