{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401576964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835","title":"Neuron Semantic-Guided Test Generation for Deep Neural Networks Fuzzing","display_name":"Neuron Semantic-Guided Test Generation for Deep Neural Networks Fuzzing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401576964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2603-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2603-3366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650869","display_name":"Weifeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6013-1369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6013-1369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070783668","display_name":"Meng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102825823","display_name":"Zhongxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-1626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-1626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639534","display_name":"Yan Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-6806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-6806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081036622","display_name":"David Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-7201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86181115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9233817458152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.883534848690033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8526448011398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5301545262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.49181392788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4913302958011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4700165092945099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4688205420970917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.41459906101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4141487181186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1413133442401886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9233817458152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.883534848690033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8526448011398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5301545262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.49181392788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4913302958011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4700165092945099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4688205420970917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.41459906101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4141487181186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1413133442401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-11121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/10121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1959641361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023CDJKYJH013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6572571148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G804772563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0914","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401576964.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984284869","https://openalex.org/W1990414292","https://openalex.org/W1995562189","https://openalex.org/W2027047406","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2083780116","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2535617737","https://openalex.org/W2557074642","https://openalex.org/W2613534458","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2799640043","https://openalex.org/W2803437449","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2888233014","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2888824816","https://openalex.org/W2899036588","https://openalex.org/W2912550851","https://openalex.org/W2922015121","https://openalex.org/W2946765201","https://openalex.org/W2954629067","https://openalex.org/W2954678575","https://openalex.org/W2955224284","https://openalex.org/W2957905354","https://openalex.org/W2963115613","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963208512","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2963913218","https://openalex.org/W2968940383","https://openalex.org/W2994987245","https://openalex.org/W3002398329","https://openalex.org/W3043716470","https://openalex.org/W3082665562","https://openalex.org/W3088864312","https://openalex.org/W3103158293","https://openalex.org/W3105249702","https://openalex.org/W3105662466","https://openalex.org/W3164688203","https://openalex.org/W3178701007","https://openalex.org/W4210455774","https://openalex.org/W4226058394","https://openalex.org/W4226216828","https://openalex.org/W4250600009","https://openalex.org/W4283830352","https://openalex.org/W4284702108","https://openalex.org/W4299559948","https://openalex.org/W4313563609","https://openalex.org/W4321021073","https://openalex.org/W4327599402","https://openalex.org/W4383555034","https://openalex.org/W4384302781","https://openalex.org/W4384345837","https://openalex.org/W4386897466","https://openalex.org/W6737694244","https://openalex.org/W6854615398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511770387","https://openalex.org/W3120811337","https://openalex.org/W3203597304","https://openalex.org/W4319993887","https://openalex.org/W4297789176","https://openalex.org/W2768346313","https://openalex.org/W2963249138","https://openalex.org/W2998594699","https://openalex.org/W4396882122","https://openalex.org/W2968060152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,69],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"significant":[3],"progress":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6,31,55],"made":[7],"in":[8,281],"testing":[9,142,296],"methods":[10],"for":[11,33,43,134,152,163,227],"deep":[12],"neural":[13,51],"networks":[14],"(DNNs)":[15],"to":[16,57,99,250,268,271,293],"ensure":[17],"their":[18,180],"correctness":[19],"and":[20,28,101,125,146,188,223,238,246,297],"robustness.":[21],"Coverage-guided":[22],"criteria,":[23,255],"such":[24],"as":[25,170],"neuron-wise,":[26],"layer-wise,":[27],"path-/trace-wise,":[29],"have":[30,54],"proposed":[32],"DNN":[34,164,194,234,295],"fuzzing.":[35,228],"However,":[36],"existing":[37,252],"coverage-based":[38],"criteria":[39,53,92],"encounter":[40],"performance":[41],"bottlenecks":[42],"several":[44],"reasons:":[45],"\u2776":[46],"Testing":[47],"Adequacy":[48],":":[49,88],"Partial":[50],"coverage":[52,60,91],"observed":[56],"achieve":[58],"full":[59],"using":[61,240],"only":[62],"a":[63,135],"small":[64],"number":[65,74,262],"of":[66,75,84,108,119,201,263],"test":[67,76,115,173,213,221,225,284],"inputs.":[68,116],"this":[70],"case,":[71],"increasing":[72,260],"the":[73,82,109,114,122,198,202,217,261,272],"inputs":[77,214,222,226,285],"does":[78],"not":[79],"consistently":[80],"improve":[81],"quality":[83],"models.":[85],"\u2777":[86],"Interpretability":[87],"The":[89],"current":[90],"lack":[93,118],"interpretability.":[94,298],"Consequently,":[95],"testers":[96],"are":[97,111],"unable":[98],"identify":[100],"understand":[102],"which":[103],"incorrect":[104],"attributes":[105],"or":[106],"patterns":[107],"model":[110],"triggered":[112,264],"by":[113,215,266],"This":[117,277],"interpretability":[120],"hampers":[121],"subsequent":[123],"debugging":[124],"fixing":[126],"process.":[127],"Therefore,":[128],"there":[129],"is":[130],"an":[131,161],"urgent":[132],"need":[133],"novel":[136],"fuzzing":[137,165,254,275],"criterion":[138],"that":[139,166],"offers":[140],"improved":[141],"adequacy,":[143],"better":[144],"interpretability,":[145],"more":[147,211],"effective":[148],"failure":[149],"detection":[150],"capabilities":[151],"DNNs.":[153],"To":[154],"alleviate":[155],"these":[156,205],"limitations,":[157],"we":[158,208],"propose":[159],"NSGen,":[160],"approach":[162],"utilizes":[167],"neuron":[168],"semantics":[169],"guidance":[171],"during":[172],"generation.":[174],"NSGen":[175,231,256],"identifies":[176],"critical":[177],"neurons,":[178],"translates":[179],"high-level":[181],"semantic":[182],"features":[183],"into":[184,192],"natural":[185],"language":[186],"descriptions,":[187],"then":[189],"assembles":[190],"them":[191],"human-readable":[193],"decision":[195,200,206],"paths":[196],"(representing":[197],"internal":[199],"DNN).":[203],"With":[204],"paths,":[207],"can":[209],"generate":[210],"fault-revealing":[212,283],"quantifying":[216],"similarity":[218],"between":[219],"original":[220],"mutated":[224],"We":[229],"evaluate":[230],"on":[232],"popular":[233],"models":[235],"(VGG16_BN,":[236],"ResNet50,":[237],"MobileNet_v2)":[239],"CIFAR10,":[241],"CIFAR100,":[242],"Oxford":[243],"102":[244],"Flower,":[245],"ImageNet":[247],"datasets.":[248],"Compared":[249],"12":[251],"coverage-guided":[253,274],"outperforms":[257],"all":[258],"baselines,":[259],"faults":[265],"21.4%":[267],"61.2%":[269],"compared":[270],"state-of-the-art":[273],"criterion.":[276],"demonstrates":[278],"NSGen's":[279],"effectiveness":[280],"generating":[282],"through":[286],"guided":[287],"input":[288],"mutation,":[289],"highlighting":[290],"its":[291],"potential":[292],"enhance":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}