{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401760931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688812","title":"Empirical Study of Impact of Solidity Compiler Updates on Vulnerabilities in Ethereum Smart Contracts","display_name":"Empirical Study of Impact of Solidity Compiler Updates on Vulnerabilities in Ethereum Smart Contracts","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401760931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688812","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092120638","display_name":"Chihiro Kado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4400-4638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chihiro Kado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4400-4638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048334268","display_name":"Naoto Yanai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoto Yanai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-6188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033994867","display_name":"Jason Paul Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-1534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Paul Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-1534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087190591","display_name":"Kyosuke Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-8039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyosuke Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-8039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071395810","display_name":"Shingo Okamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140361","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Nara College","ror":"https://ror.org/034jd0m14","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shingo Okamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Yamatokoriyama, Japan","National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-6494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Yamatokoriyama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76488236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidity","display_name":"Solidity","score":0.9889392256736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.748907208442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5662380456924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4263472557067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42041462659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.320822149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2123771607875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06914117932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.053137511014938354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24909565","display_name":"Solidity","level":2,"score":0.9889392256736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.748907208442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5662380456924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4263472557067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42041462659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.320822149515152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2123771607875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06914117932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.053137511014938354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3688812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3688812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401760931.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2950294262","https://openalex.org/W2963465913","https://openalex.org/W2963594166","https://openalex.org/W2963610883","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W3026203297","https://openalex.org/W3034459010","https://openalex.org/W3165214486","https://openalex.org/W4206573979","https://openalex.org/W4226292196","https://openalex.org/W4281681780","https://openalex.org/W4290087357","https://openalex.org/W4312648482","https://openalex.org/W4320343078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2968888849","https://openalex.org/W2901515670","https://openalex.org/W4226265621","https://openalex.org/W4307962079","https://openalex.org/W4393712222","https://openalex.org/W3215711835","https://openalex.org/W4379933579","https://openalex.org/W4381746828","https://openalex.org/W4323845452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vulnerabilities":[0],"in":[1,50],"Ethereum":[2,51,67],"smart":[3,52],"contracts":[4,60],"often":[5],"cause":[6],"significant":[7],"financial":[8],"damage.":[9],"Whereas":[10],"the":[11,20,28,42,66,103,109,136,146],"Solidity":[12,62,104],"compiler":[13,45,134],"has":[14],"been":[15],"updated":[16],"to":[17,27,38,99,116,123,157],"mitigate":[18],"vulnerabilities,":[19],"effectiveness":[21],"of":[22,30,44,76,102,133],"these":[23],"updates":[24,101,115],"remains":[25],"undisclosed":[26],"best":[29],"our":[31,166],"knowledge.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36,57,90,107,169],"aim":[37],"shed":[39],"light":[40],"on":[41,47],"impact":[43],"versions":[46],"reducing":[48],"vulnerabilities":[49,75],"contracts.":[53],"To":[54],"achieve":[55],"this,":[56],"collected":[58],"497,344":[59],"with":[61],"source":[63],"codes":[64],"from":[65,154,165,178],"blockchain":[68],"and":[69,86,119,181],"analyzed":[70],"their":[71,92],"vulnerabilities.":[72],"For":[73],"three":[74],"high":[77],"severity,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"Locked":[80,128],"Money":[81,129],",":[82,85,89],"Using":[83,140],"tx.origin":[84,141],"Unchecked":[87,150],"Call":[88,151],"illustrate":[91],"appearance":[93,125,137,147],"rate":[94,138,148],"changes,":[95],"showing":[96],"decreases":[97],"attributed":[98],"major":[100],"compiler.":[105],"Subsequently,":[106],"found":[108],"following":[110],"four":[111],"key":[112],"insights.":[113],"Firstly,":[114],"version":[117,120,155,158],"0.6":[118],"0.8":[121],"led":[122],"decreased":[124,153],"rates":[126],"for":[127,139,149,172],".":[130],"Secondly,":[131],"regardless":[132],"updates,":[135],"was":[142],"significantly":[143,152],"low.":[144],"Thirdly,":[145],"0.5":[156],"0.8.":[159],"Lastly,":[160],"as":[161],"an":[162],"incidental":[163],"discovery":[164],"empirical":[167],"study,":[168],"identified":[170],"implications":[171],"code":[173],"clones,":[174],"which":[175],"merit":[176],"attention":[177],"subsequent":[179],"researchers":[180],"developers.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
