{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404527394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687948","title":"UFO Instruction Graphs Are Machine Knittable","display_name":"UFO Instruction Graphs Are Machine Knittable","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404527394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687948","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069902009","display_name":"Jenny Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8618-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenny Han Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8618-0740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056230848","display_name":"Yuka Ikarashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuka Ikarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-0918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034400503","display_name":"Gilbert Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Louis Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018050000","display_name":"James McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-4142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6436,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91569407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6778246164321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.370902955532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3401484191417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32259851694107056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6778246164321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.370902955532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3401484191417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32259851694107056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687948","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/157853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/157853","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/157853/1/3687948.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687948","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3534054833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2319181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8429960635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2319182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404527394.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989988531","https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W2055312318","https://openalex.org/W2085050643","https://openalex.org/W2118866757","https://openalex.org/W2126293747","https://openalex.org/W2153185479","https://openalex.org/W2470373562","https://openalex.org/W2779850521","https://openalex.org/W2809319534","https://openalex.org/W2810233599","https://openalex.org/W2810727256","https://openalex.org/W2912202378","https://openalex.org/W2914209329","https://openalex.org/W2942398060","https://openalex.org/W2958577034","https://openalex.org/W2980783908","https://openalex.org/W3122286897","https://openalex.org/W3127208962","https://openalex.org/W3172040651","https://openalex.org/W3179292909","https://openalex.org/W3184479168","https://openalex.org/W3184724712","https://openalex.org/W4200327558","https://openalex.org/W4205614912","https://openalex.org/W4235375376","https://openalex.org/W4280629564","https://openalex.org/W4281707342","https://openalex.org/W4298447450","https://openalex.org/W4385275560","https://openalex.org/W4385527484","https://openalex.org/W4387801105","https://openalex.org/W4396832320","https://openalex.org/W6603045241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"low-level":[1,24],"controls":[2],"for":[3,48,121,169,278],"knitting":[4,25,147,171,209,284],"machines":[5],"is":[6,111],"a":[7,19,37,103,151,175,207,222,234,249,290],"meticulous,":[8],"time-consuming":[9],"task":[10],"that":[11,32,186,211,232],"demands":[12],"specialized":[13],"expertise.":[14],"Recently,":[15],"there":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"shift":[20],"towards":[21],"automatically":[22],"generating":[23],"machine":[26,59,95,105,146,170,179,208,250,285,294],"programs":[27,185],"from":[28,76,90,114,154],"high-level":[29,43],"knit":[30,34,91,184],"representations":[31,93],"describe":[33,102],"objects":[35],"in":[36,64],"more":[38,265,279],"intuitive,":[39],"user-friendly":[40],"way.":[41],"Current":[42],"systems":[44,287],"trade":[45],"off":[46],"expressivity":[47],"ease-of-use,":[49],"requiring":[50],"ad-hoc":[51,74],"trapdoors":[52],"to":[53,94,157,202,236,248,264],"access":[54],"the":[55,65,88,98,108,115,125,142,165,204,214,219,261,268,276],"full":[56,143],"space":[57],"of":[58,67,140,145,206,270,293],"capabilities,":[60],"or":[61,79],"eschewing":[62],"completeness":[63],"name":[66],"utility.":[68],"Thus,":[69],"advanced":[70],"techniques":[71],"either":[72],"require":[73],"extensions":[75],"domain":[77],"experts,":[78],"are":[80,197],"entirely":[81],"unsupported.":[82],"Furthermore,":[83],"errors":[84],"may":[85,101],"emerge":[86],"during":[87],"compilation":[89],"object":[92,110],"instructions.":[96,172],"While":[97],"generated":[99],"program":[100,210],"valid":[104],"control":[106],"sequence,":[107],"fabricated":[109],"topologically":[112],"different":[113],"specified":[116],"input,":[117],"with":[118,164],"little":[119],"recourse":[120],"understanding":[122],"and":[123,183,193,200,230,244,281],"fixing":[124],"issue.":[126],"To":[127],"address":[128],"these":[129],"limitations,":[130],"we":[131,224,259],"introduce":[132],"instruction":[133,155,181,227,239],"graphs":[134,156,182],",":[135],"an":[136,226,238],"intermediate":[137],"representation":[138],"capable":[139],"capturing":[141],"range":[144],"programs.":[148],"We":[149,173],"define":[150],"semantic":[152,255],"mapping":[153],"fenced":[158,215],"tangles,":[159],"which":[160],"make":[161],"them":[162],"compatible":[163],"established":[166],"formal":[167,291],"semantics":[168],"establish":[174],"semantics-preserving":[176],"bijection":[177],"between":[178],"knittable":[180],"proves":[187],"three":[188],"properties":[189,263],"-":[190,196],"upward,":[191],"forward,":[192],"ordered":[194],"(UFO)":[195],"both":[198],"necessary":[199],"sufficient":[201],"ensure":[203],"existence":[205],"can":[212],"fabricate":[213],"tangle":[216],"denoted":[217],"by":[218,288],"graph.":[220],"As":[221],"proof-of-concept,":[223],"implement":[225],"graph":[228,240],"editor":[229],"compiler":[231],"allows":[233],"user":[235],"transform":[237],"into":[241],"UFO":[242,262],"presentation":[243],"then":[245],"compile":[246],"it":[247],"program,":[251],"all":[252],"while":[253],"maintaining":[254],"equivalence.":[256],"In":[257],"addition,":[258],"use":[260],"precisely":[266],"characterize":[267],"limitations":[269],"existing":[271],"compilers.":[272],"This":[273],"work":[274],"lays":[275],"groundwork":[277],"expressive":[280],"reliable":[282],"automated":[283],"programming":[286],"providing":[289],"characterization":[292],"knittability.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}