{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404526604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687902","title":"A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light Transport","display_name":"A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light Transport","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404526604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065313939","display_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034754633","display_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-5789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, San Francisco, United States of America","University of California San Diego, San Francisco, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, San Francisco, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Francisco, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079958610","display_name":"Benedikt Bitterli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-7119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Bitterli","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Redmond, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Redmond, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010204324","display_name":"Eugene d\u2019Eon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-2989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302741095","display_name":"Statistics New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/055qjgz33","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302741095","https://openalex.org/I2802073567"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene d'Eon","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302741095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756588","display_name":"Ling\u2010Qi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling-Qi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003967","display_name":"Matt Pharr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-8291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Pharr","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, San Francisco, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, San Francisco, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065313939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91797698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.48910266160964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44102615118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4255201518535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4093257188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.39319297671318054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48910266160964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44102615118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4255201518535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4093257188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39319297671318054}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638474668","https://openalex.org/W1557357554","https://openalex.org/W1613038574","https://openalex.org/W1910262274","https://openalex.org/W1964035385","https://openalex.org/W1973062110","https://openalex.org/W1996720084","https://openalex.org/W2017367518","https://openalex.org/W2072432188","https://openalex.org/W2080169805","https://openalex.org/W2080638042","https://openalex.org/W2085387568","https://openalex.org/W2100184913","https://openalex.org/W2113492357","https://openalex.org/W2119062069","https://openalex.org/W2132933226","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2144357688","https://openalex.org/W2144445346","https://openalex.org/W2266795342","https://openalex.org/W2295834392","https://openalex.org/W2486170143","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2610372066","https://openalex.org/W2614647722","https://openalex.org/W2616500594","https://openalex.org/W2805453351","https://openalex.org/W2884871201","https://openalex.org/W2897051410","https://openalex.org/W2910579048","https://openalex.org/W2951303609","https://openalex.org/W2965446779","https://openalex.org/W2971610498","https://openalex.org/W3004227179","https://openalex.org/W3006322515","https://openalex.org/W3020702147","https://openalex.org/W3035708560","https://openalex.org/W3041549453","https://openalex.org/W3048385761","https://openalex.org/W3095362571","https://openalex.org/W3107420910","https://openalex.org/W3110360075","https://openalex.org/W3122202743","https://openalex.org/W3165898261","https://openalex.org/W3184471389","https://openalex.org/W4211104760","https://openalex.org/W4235503429","https://openalex.org/W4242318348","https://openalex.org/W4245933748","https://openalex.org/W4286611320","https://openalex.org/W4366999434","https://openalex.org/W4385283792","https://openalex.org/W4400819632","https://openalex.org/W6770034929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ray":[0],"optics":[1,34,210,235],"is":[2,98,131,192,227],"the":[3,59,94,106,112,134,139,155,172,185,206,212,218],"foundation":[4,213],"of":[5,27,40,61,114,141,157,188,208,214],"modern":[6],"path":[7,177,202],"tracing":[8,89,103,178],"and":[9,32,79,108,174,195],"sampling":[10,118,167,179],"algorithms":[11],"for":[12,125],"computer":[13,30],"graphics;":[14],"crucially,":[15],"it":[16,87,226],"allows":[17,150],"high-performance":[18],"implementations":[19],"based":[20,132],"on":[21,133],"ray":[22],"tracing.":[23],"However,":[24],"many":[25,115,142],"applications":[26],"interest":[28],"in":[29,70,160,217],"graphics":[31],"computational":[33],"demand":[35],"a":[36,55,85,122,161],"more":[37],"precise":[38],"understanding":[39],"light:":[41],"as":[42],"waves.":[43],"For":[44],"example,":[45],"accurately":[46,183],"modelling":[47,184],"scattering":[48],"effects":[49],"like":[50],"diffraction":[51],"or":[52],"interference":[53],"requires":[54,88],"model":[56,124,191],"that":[57,130,136,225],"provides":[58],"coherence":[60],"light":[62,90,95,128,143,158,168],"waves":[63,144,159],"arriving":[64],"at":[65],"surfaces.":[66],"While":[67],"recent":[68],"work":[69],"Physical":[71],"Light":[72],"Transport":[73],"[Steinberg":[74],"et":[75],"al.":[76],"2022;":[77],"Steinberg":[78],"Yan":[80],"2021]":[81],"has":[82,240],"introduced":[83],"such":[84],"model,":[86,222],"paths":[91,169],"starting":[92,170],"from":[93,105,171],"sources,":[96],"which":[97,239],"often":[99],"less":[100],"efficient":[101,194],"than":[102],"them":[104],"sensor,":[107],"does":[109],"not":[110,241],"allow":[111,166],"use":[113],"effective":[116],"importance":[117],"techniques.":[119],"We":[120],"introduce":[121],"new":[123],"wave":[126,186,209,234],"optical":[127],"transport":[129],"fact":[135],"sensors":[137],"aggregate":[138],"measurement":[140],"when":[145],"capturing":[146],"an":[147,200],"image.":[148],"This":[149],"us":[151],"to":[152,197,199,229],"compactly":[153],"represent":[154],"statistics":[156],"generalized":[162],"ray.":[163],"Generalized":[164],"rays":[165],"sensor":[173],"applying":[175],"sophisticated":[176],"techniques":[180],"while":[181],"still":[182],"nature":[187],"light.":[189],"Our":[190],"computationally":[193],"straightforward":[196],"add":[198],"existing":[201,246],"tracer;":[203],"this":[204],"offers":[205],"prospect":[207],"becoming":[211],"most":[215],"renderers":[216],"future.":[219],"Using":[220],"our":[221],"we":[223],"show":[224],"possible":[228,243],"render":[230],"complex":[231],"scenes":[232],"under":[233],"with":[236,244],"high":[237],"performance,":[238],"been":[242],"any":[245],"method.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
