{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401482544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687309","title":"Optimizing Dilithium Implementation with AVX2/-512","display_name":"Optimizing Dilithium Implementation with AVX2/-512","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401482544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687309","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687309","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031254895","display_name":"Runqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-3805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-3805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025668908","display_name":"Debiao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-7436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debiao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-7436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088264677","display_name":"Min Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-9332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-9332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043346874","display_name":"Cong Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-3255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-3255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029996403","display_name":"Xiangyong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-8766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82365161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilithium","display_name":"Dilithium","score":0.843977689743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.423276424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3690130412578583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08839479088783264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189242","display_name":"Dilithium","level":4,"score":0.843977689743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.423276424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3690130412578583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08839479088783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118629725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2686738","display_name":"Deprotonation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687309","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687309","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2896200126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20466, and 62325209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5320830777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042023KF0203, and 2042024kf1013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401482544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121367636","https://openalex.org/W179223734","https://openalex.org/W1506156414","https://openalex.org/W1669999576","https://openalex.org/W1985439922","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2069441027","https://openalex.org/W2069448237","https://openalex.org/W2467320551","https://openalex.org/W2753380128","https://openalex.org/W2898787455","https://openalex.org/W2919219291","https://openalex.org/W3095245686","https://openalex.org/W3115739041","https://openalex.org/W3157250574","https://openalex.org/W3211507582","https://openalex.org/W4206481552","https://openalex.org/W4212924860","https://openalex.org/W4244459731","https://openalex.org/W4283644776","https://openalex.org/W4285302767","https://openalex.org/W4311165831","https://openalex.org/W4384339345","https://openalex.org/W4385819523","https://openalex.org/W4386308000","https://openalex.org/W4386328197","https://openalex.org/W4389395116","https://openalex.org/W4392759449","https://openalex.org/W4396838276","https://openalex.org/W6885400785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3158626348","https://openalex.org/W2950221173","https://openalex.org/W1988497436","https://openalex.org/W2136354148","https://openalex.org/W4240909249","https://openalex.org/W2062077317","https://openalex.org/W1984667502","https://openalex.org/W1984997072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dilithium":[0,60],"is":[1,6,19,38,80],"a":[2,118],"signature":[3],"scheme":[4],"that":[5],"currently":[7],"being":[8],"standardized":[9],"to":[10,21,48,136],"the":[11,42,57,69,92,97,110,122,166],"Module-Lattice-Based":[12],"Digital":[13],"Signature":[14],"Standard":[15],"by":[16],"NIST.":[17],"It":[18],"believed":[20],"be":[22],"secure":[23],"even":[24],"against":[25],"attacks":[26],"from":[27],"large-scale":[28],"quantum":[29],"computers":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"lattice":[33],"problems.":[34],"The":[35,75,128],"implementation":[36,58,151],"efficiency":[37,70],"important":[39],"for":[40,91,121,159],"promoting":[41],"migration":[43],"of":[44,59,71,77,101,112,124,154],"current":[45],"cryptography":[46,50],"algorithms":[47],"post-quantum":[49],"algorithms.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,132],"article,":[54],"we":[55,67,95],"optimize":[56,96],"with":[61,165],"several":[62],"new":[63,119],"approaches":[64,129],"proposed.":[65],"Firstly,":[66],"improve":[68],"parallel":[72],"NTT":[73],"implementations.":[74],"overhead":[76],"shuffling":[78],"operations":[79],"reduced":[81],"in":[82,104,131],"our":[83,149],"implementations,":[84],"and":[85,99,140,157,162],"fewer":[86],"loading":[87],"instructions":[88],"are":[89,134],"invoked":[90],"precomputations.":[93],"Then,":[94],"sampling":[98,123],"bit-packing":[100],"polynomial":[102],"coefficients":[103,113],"Dilithium.":[105],"We":[106],"can":[107],"handle":[108],"double":[109],"number":[111],"within":[114],"one":[115],"register":[116],"using":[117],"approach":[120],"secret":[125],"key":[126],"polynomials.":[127],"proposed":[130],"article":[133],"applicable":[135],"implementations":[137],"under":[138],"AVX2":[139,150],"AVX-512":[141],"instruction":[142],"sets.":[143],"Take":[144],"Dilithium2":[145],"as":[146],"an":[147],"illustration,":[148],"demonstrates":[152],"improvements":[153],"22.7%,":[155],"16.9%,":[156],"13.5%":[158],"KeyGen,":[160],"Sign,":[161],"Verify":[163],"compared":[164],"previous":[167],"implementation.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
