{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404173826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687029","title":"Constructing a Classification Scheme - and its Consequences: A Field Study of Learning to Label Data for Computer Vision in a Hospital Intensive Care Unit","display_name":"Constructing a Classification Scheme - and its Consequences: A Field Study of Learning to Label Data for Computer Vision in a Hospital Intensive Care Unit","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404173826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687029","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687029","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048264180","display_name":"Melissa Valentine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-4054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melissa A. Valentine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034825308","display_name":"Roger E. Bohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger E. Bohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University & University of California San Diego, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University & University of California San Diego, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104345605","display_name":"Amanda L. Pratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0724-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda L. Pratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109511612","display_name":"Prachee Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-7109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prachee Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033547979","display_name":"Sara J. Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-1177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara J. Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076189854","display_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048264180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37287191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"CSCW2","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.707487165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"Intensive care unit","score":0.621241569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6184210777282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-scheme","display_name":"Classification scheme","score":0.5777033567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5572084188461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.531464159488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4687236547470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3643474578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3082520365715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2803296446800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.22866645455360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.17722594738006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14653784036636353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.707487165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.621241569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6184210777282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.5777033567428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5572084188461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.531464159488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4687236547470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3643474578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3082520365715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2803296446800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.22866645455360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.17722594738006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14653784036636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687029","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3687029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3687029","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3687029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8225561187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2026498","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404173826.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549774316","https://openalex.org/W1962580118","https://openalex.org/W1984234363","https://openalex.org/W1993641530","https://openalex.org/W2015302871","https://openalex.org/W2026594242","https://openalex.org/W2028274973","https://openalex.org/W2045647466","https://openalex.org/W2097427338","https://openalex.org/W2098216677","https://openalex.org/W2101097770","https://openalex.org/W2120096569","https://openalex.org/W2149489787","https://openalex.org/W2152694793","https://openalex.org/W2290009368","https://openalex.org/W2576939111","https://openalex.org/W2588064451","https://openalex.org/W2592792234","https://openalex.org/W2611789916","https://openalex.org/W2775336929","https://openalex.org/W2896642929","https://openalex.org/W2898956098","https://openalex.org/W2914002162","https://openalex.org/W2918817626","https://openalex.org/W2941766203","https://openalex.org/W2998516726","https://openalex.org/W3018104257","https://openalex.org/W3045417466","https://openalex.org/W3093541323","https://openalex.org/W3118813946","https://openalex.org/W3163469193","https://openalex.org/W4224981752","https://openalex.org/W4225536299","https://openalex.org/W4288083705","https://openalex.org/W4288083802","https://openalex.org/W4301311593","https://openalex.org/W4392095838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2484602794","https://openalex.org/W2113616822","https://openalex.org/W2071277091","https://openalex.org/W3184946188","https://openalex.org/W2049074138","https://openalex.org/W4236420972","https://openalex.org/W2037838815","https://openalex.org/W4240613064","https://openalex.org/W2077757587","https://openalex.org/W2507487828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,47,128],"data":[2,23,77,143,194],"annotation":[3,43,96,119],"for":[4,145],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"has":[8],"demonstrated":[9],"that":[10,18,36,63],"biases,":[11],"power,":[12],"and":[13,24,58,79,86,101,121,130,175,186],"culture":[14],"impact":[15],"the":[16,42,64,67,91,94,102,118,124,138,179,199],"ways":[17],"annotators":[19,31,191],"apply":[20,34],"labels":[21,35],"to":[22,39,99,109,135,198],"subsequently":[25],"affect":[26],"downstream":[27],"AI":[28,59,201],"systems.":[29],"However,":[30],"can":[32,78,85],"only":[33],"are":[37,195],"available":[38],"them":[40],"in":[41,90,150,178],"classification":[44,68,133],"scheme.":[45],"Drawing":[46],"a":[48,141,146,168],"3-year":[49],"ethnographic":[50],"study":[51],"of":[52,66,76,140,162,171],"an":[53,106],"R&D":[54],"collaboration":[55],"between":[56],"medical":[57],"researchers,":[60],"we":[61],"argue":[62],"construction":[65],"schema":[69],"itself":[70],"--":[71,115],"decisions":[72,187],"about":[73],"what":[74,83,93],"kinds":[75],"cannot":[80,87],"be":[81,88,110],"collected,":[82],"activities":[84,166,177],"detected":[89],"data,":[92],"possible":[95],"classes":[97],"ought":[98,108],"be,":[100],"rules":[103],"by":[104],"which":[105],"item":[107],"classified":[111],"into":[112,167],"each":[113],"class":[114],"dramatically":[116],"shape":[117],"process,":[120],"through":[122],"it,":[123],"AI.":[125],"We":[126],"draw":[127],"Bowker":[129],"Star's":[131],"[9]":[132],"theory":[134],"detail":[136],"how":[137,184],"creation":[139],"training":[142],"codebook":[144],"computer":[147],"vision":[148],"algorithm":[149],"hospital":[151],"intensive":[152],"care":[153],"units":[154],"(ICUs)":[155],"evolved":[156],"from":[157],"its":[158],"original,":[159],"clinically-driven":[160],"goal":[161,170],"classifying":[163],"complex":[164],"clinical":[165],"narrower":[169],"identifying":[172],"physical":[173],"objects":[174],"simpler":[176],"ICU.":[180],"This":[181],"work":[182],"reinforces":[183],"trade-offs":[185],"made":[188],"long":[189],"before":[190],"begin":[192],"labeling":[193],"highly":[196],"consequential":[197],"resulting":[200],"system.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}