{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403003850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359","title":"A Psychometric Validation of the PAILQ-6: Perceived Artificial Intelligence Literacy Questionnaire","display_name":"A Psychometric Validation of the PAILQ-6: Perceived Artificial Intelligence Literacy Questionnaire","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403003850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3679318.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420629","display_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020841194","display_name":"Simone Grassini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Grassini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-7585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020841194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93478261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5346998572349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5004596710205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.45207759737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.45201927423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3880600929260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.35306066274642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.3260102868080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.05913496017456055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5346998572349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5004596710205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.45207759737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.45201927423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3880600929260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.35306066274642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3260102868080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.05913496017456055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3679318.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420629","display_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3679318.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3679318.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420629","display_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494063203","https://openalex.org/W1547681156","https://openalex.org/W1914331094","https://openalex.org/W1992678424","https://openalex.org/W1994448343","https://openalex.org/W2023701920","https://openalex.org/W2043867338","https://openalex.org/W2053011943","https://openalex.org/W2070353335","https://openalex.org/W2071934951","https://openalex.org/W2120774710","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2143391962","https://openalex.org/W2144867755","https://openalex.org/W2149941633","https://openalex.org/W2154686027","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2230090510","https://openalex.org/W2233854975","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2542575942","https://openalex.org/W2557717610","https://openalex.org/W2770379519","https://openalex.org/W2795428725","https://openalex.org/W2802001499","https://openalex.org/W2809230074","https://openalex.org/W2851467964","https://openalex.org/W2889027331","https://openalex.org/W2895775694","https://openalex.org/W2909879655","https://openalex.org/W2930535595","https://openalex.org/W2954740292","https://openalex.org/W2956066828","https://openalex.org/W2959063074","https://openalex.org/W2971809650","https://openalex.org/W2976475904","https://openalex.org/W2995177980","https://openalex.org/W3002438273","https://openalex.org/W3005057438","https://openalex.org/W3006630858","https://openalex.org/W3014886192","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3092083327","https://openalex.org/W3094444476","https://openalex.org/W3110261028","https://openalex.org/W3119676664","https://openalex.org/W3186764772","https://openalex.org/W3212415060","https://openalex.org/W3215201135","https://openalex.org/W4205433266","https://openalex.org/W4205559093","https://openalex.org/W4210327135","https://openalex.org/W4233405299","https://openalex.org/W4249086993","https://openalex.org/W4252080790","https://openalex.org/W4280549083","https://openalex.org/W4308453112","https://openalex.org/W4311947857","https://openalex.org/W4366588626","https://openalex.org/W4377371734","https://openalex.org/W4378212561","https://openalex.org/W4385191921","https://openalex.org/W4385269673","https://openalex.org/W4386261125","https://openalex.org/W4386917399","https://openalex.org/W4387876830","https://openalex.org/W4388483444","https://openalex.org/W6681268919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W4303457083","https://openalex.org/W2131146434","https://openalex.org/W1565575961","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W4376623224","https://openalex.org/W3136979370","https://openalex.org/W4251152010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,114,129,145,156],"present":[1],"article":[2,130],"introduces":[3],"and":[4,38,79,111,135,153,170],"implements":[5],"an":[6,61],"initial":[7],"validation":[8,115],"for":[9,46,60,76,108],"the":[10,28,58,85,89,132,148,171],"Perceived":[11],"Artificial":[12],"Intelligence":[13],"Literacy":[14],"Questionnaire":[15],"(PAILQ-6),":[16],"a":[17,104,122,142,166],"brief":[18],"tool":[19],"designed":[20],"to":[21,57],"assess":[22],"individuals'":[23],"self-perceived":[24],"AI":[25,32,43,50,67,100,162,179],"literacy.":[26],"Amidst":[27],"growing":[29],"integration":[30],"of":[31,36,88,92,99,121,125,161,174],"in":[33,55],"various":[34],"aspects":[35],"life":[37],"its":[39],"ethical":[40],"implications,":[41],"understanding":[42],"becomes":[44],"crucial":[45],"effective":[47],"interaction":[48],"with":[49],"technologies.":[51],"PAILQ-6":[53],"emerges":[54],"response":[56],"need":[59],"accessible":[62],"instrument":[63],"that":[64],"evaluates":[65],"general":[66],"literacy":[68,163],"without":[69],"compromising":[70],"on":[71,177],"clarity":[72],"or":[73],"depth,":[74],"suitable":[75],"both":[77],"academic":[78],"practical":[80],"applications.":[81],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"presents":[84],"development":[86],"process":[87],"PAILQ-6,":[90],"consisting":[91],"six":[93],"items":[94],"derived":[95],"from":[96,119],"established":[97],"components":[98],"literacy,":[101],"structured":[102],"as":[103],"seven-point":[105],"Likert":[106],"scale":[107],"easy":[109],"administration":[110],"digital":[112],"compatibility.":[113],"study":[116,157],"was":[117],"conducted":[118],"data":[120],"gender-balanced":[123],"sample":[124],"232":[126],"UK":[127],"adults.":[128],"demonstrates":[131],"PAILQ-6's":[133],"reliability":[134],"validity":[136],"through":[137],"exploratory":[138],"factor":[139],"analysis,":[140],"showing":[141],"two-factor":[143],"structure.":[144],"findings":[146],"reveal":[147],"scale's":[149],"good":[150],"internal":[151],"consistency":[152],"convergent":[154],"validity.":[155],"highlights":[158],"demographic":[159],"predictors":[160],"perceptions,":[164],"indicating":[165],"possible":[167],"gender":[168],"disparity":[169],"positive":[172],"influence":[173],"higher":[175],"education":[176],"perceived":[178],"competency.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}