{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402350151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678589","title":"GrainSense: A Wireless Grain Moisture Sensing System Based on Wi-Fi Signals","display_name":"GrainSense: A Wireless Grain Moisture Sensing System Based on Wi-Fi Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402350151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3678589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439571","display_name":"Zhu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103766871","display_name":"Zhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7590-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7590-6419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446961","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chendi Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5180-0278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chendi Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5180-0278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013936047","display_name":"Wenchao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-0985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101677842","display_name":"Zhuo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-278X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-278X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078005520","display_name":"Bin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-2467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701166","display_name":"Zhiwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-3238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-3238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443536","display_name":"Liming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-7989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5814265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6156178712844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.5947537422180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5399416089057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5069570541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-frequency","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","score":0.4990239143371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granary","display_name":"Granary","score":0.4854486584663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size","display_name":"Grain size","score":0.4214334785938263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3998548984527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3624242842197418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3452591896057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3403046727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2334630787372589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22192487120628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.17611214518547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15841218829154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13036981225013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.11532837152481079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6156178712844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.5947537422180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5399416089057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5069570541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96122199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628096","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4990239143371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114768","display_name":"Granary","level":2,"score":0.4854486584663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.4214334785938263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3998548984527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3624242842197418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3452591896057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3403046727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2334630787372589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22192487120628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.17611214518547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15841218829154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13036981225013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.11532837152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3678589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7058005755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G985593508","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eWi-Fi CSI\u7684\u591a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u9c81\u68d2\u611f\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W588573892","https://openalex.org/W1979036148","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2006624127","https://openalex.org/W2022406724","https://openalex.org/W2038340234","https://openalex.org/W2049823069","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2064081294","https://openalex.org/W2064459423","https://openalex.org/W2078919324","https://openalex.org/W2087606786","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2095396347","https://openalex.org/W2101104490","https://openalex.org/W2106453750","https://openalex.org/W2319344140","https://openalex.org/W2340862004","https://openalex.org/W2340915768","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2461689950","https://openalex.org/W2488416111","https://openalex.org/W2508522990","https://openalex.org/W2509382177","https://openalex.org/W2522247037","https://openalex.org/W2532938909","https://openalex.org/W2543171514","https://openalex.org/W2587061937","https://openalex.org/W2611241975","https://openalex.org/W2734845228","https://openalex.org/W2749809371","https://openalex.org/W2762232490","https://openalex.org/W2783857023","https://openalex.org/W2794588549","https://openalex.org/W2794843057","https://openalex.org/W2818696721","https://openalex.org/W2874356750","https://openalex.org/W2885863328","https://openalex.org/W2889692286","https://openalex.org/W2891312406","https://openalex.org/W2896194098","https://openalex.org/W2902024067","https://openalex.org/W2952065976","https://openalex.org/W2962319395","https://openalex.org/W2970024426","https://openalex.org/W2982482473","https://openalex.org/W2986637881","https://openalex.org/W2993941395","https://openalex.org/W3015442451","https://openalex.org/W3017775221","https://openalex.org/W3033990438","https://openalex.org/W3040900785","https://openalex.org/W3103144676","https://openalex.org/W3133145651","https://openalex.org/W3173320109","https://openalex.org/W3190695173","https://openalex.org/W3200233627","https://openalex.org/W4200005100","https://openalex.org/W4210685354","https://openalex.org/W4253224104","https://openalex.org/W4284878891","https://openalex.org/W4306179727","https://openalex.org/W4319837309","https://openalex.org/W4391798793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372616431","https://openalex.org/W2372216266","https://openalex.org/W3199635300","https://openalex.org/W2382501840","https://openalex.org/W4283740645","https://openalex.org/W3027639949","https://openalex.org/W2373363787","https://openalex.org/W2391619558","https://openalex.org/W2121536601","https://openalex.org/W2941989956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grain":[0],"moisture":[1,21,58,71,94,113,202,234],"sensing":[2,22],"plays":[3],"a":[4,45,68,144],"critical":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,36,127,185],"ensuring":[8],"grain":[9,13,20,57,70,93,112,201,233],"quality":[10],"and":[11,82,164,189],"reducing":[12],"losses.":[14],"However,":[15],"existing":[16],"commercial":[17,216],"off-the-shelf":[18],"(COTS)":[19],"systems":[23],"are":[24],"either":[25],"expensive,":[26],"inconvenient":[27],"or":[28],"inaccurate,":[29],"which":[30,49,111,211],"greatly":[31],"limit":[32],"their":[33],"widespread":[34],"deployment":[35],"real-world":[37],"scenarios.":[38],"To":[39,168,218],"fill":[40],"this":[41,224],"gap,":[42],"we":[43,66,90,133,176],"develop":[44],"system":[46,196],"called":[47],"GrainSense":[48],"leverages":[50],"COTS":[51],"Wi-Fi":[52,80,102,135,150],"devices":[53],"to":[54,122,137,156],"detect":[55],"the":[56,60,76,83,92,96,119,124,131,139,149,158,170,173,187,190,195,200,213,219,226],"without":[59],"need":[61],"for":[62,215],"dedicated":[63],"sensors.":[64],"Specifically,":[65],"propose":[67],"wireless":[69,238],"detection":[72,235],"model":[73],"based":[74,109,236],"on":[75,110,237],"refraction":[77],"phenomenon":[78],"of":[79,160,172,183,221],"signals":[81,103],"Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output":[84],"(MIMO)":[85],"technology.":[86],"On":[87,118],"one":[88],"hand,":[89,121],"correlate":[91],"with":[95,180,203],"phase":[97,166],"difference":[98],"between":[99],"two":[100],"refracted":[101,140],"that":[104,194,230],"propagate":[105],"along":[106],"different":[107,181],"paths,":[108],"can":[114,197],"be":[115],"deduced":[116],"accordingly.":[117],"other":[120],"reduce":[123],"multi-path":[125],"interference":[126],"indoor":[128],"environments":[129],"(e.g.,":[130],"granary),":[132],"adopt":[134],"beamforming":[136,152],"enhance":[138],"signal.":[141],"In":[142],"particular,":[143],"new":[145],"signal":[146],"feature":[147],"(i.e.,":[148],"CSI":[151],"ratio)":[153],"is":[154,225],"designed":[155],"eliminate":[157],"effect":[159],"sub-carrier":[161],"frequency":[162],"bias":[163],"cumulative":[165],"bias.":[167],"validate":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"developed":[174],"system,":[175],"conduct":[177],"extensive":[178],"experiments":[179],"types":[182],"grains":[184],"both":[186],"laboratory":[188],"granary.":[191],"Results":[192],"show":[193],"accurately":[198],"estimate":[199],"an":[204],"mean":[205],"absolute":[206],"error":[207],"smaller":[208],"than":[209],"5%,":[210],"meets":[212],"requirements":[214],"usage.":[217],"best":[220],"our":[222],"knowledge,":[223],"first":[227],"model-based":[228],"work":[229],"achieves":[231],"accurate":[232],"sensing.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}