{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402350077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","title":"Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle External Communication Using a Multi-Pedestrian VR Simulator","display_name":"Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle External Communication Using a Multi-Pedestrian VR Simulator","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402350077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3678506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044409375","display_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008079113","display_name":"Callum Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Callum Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-9213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001817278","display_name":"Xinyan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538990","display_name":"Debargha Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debargha Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science, Cornell Tech, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-0126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science, Cornell Tech, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006029882","display_name":"Marieke Martens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marieke Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068886540","display_name":"Pavlo Bazilinskyy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavlo Bazilinskyy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-8240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023076293","display_name":"Martin Tomitsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Tomitsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98218301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.9380110502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.7779008150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6201398372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086081266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5722998380661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5457510352134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.4694879651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.44800761342048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21858221292495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.18048948049545288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.9380110502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.7779008150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6201398372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086081266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5722998380661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5457510352134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.4694879651069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.44800761342048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21858221292495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.18048948049545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3678506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire_cris_publications/13896c7b-0a30-49b4-a21d-3e4b8f4bdfc1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/13896c7b-0a30-49b4-a21d-3e4b8f4bdfc1","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/350448999/3678506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Minh Tran, T T, Parker, C, Yu, X, Dey, D, Martens, M, Bazilinskyy, P & Tomitsch, M 2024, 'Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle External Communication Using a Multi-Pedestrian VR Simulator', Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, vol. 8, no. 3, 130. https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3678506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3678506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5162845027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP220102019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95067517","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1981459265","https://openalex.org/W2058868256","https://openalex.org/W2493827398","https://openalex.org/W2559888775","https://openalex.org/W2561547472","https://openalex.org/W2594825291","https://openalex.org/W2750697398","https://openalex.org/W2765235301","https://openalex.org/W2794385674","https://openalex.org/W2795538447","https://openalex.org/W2800029302","https://openalex.org/W2810307462","https://openalex.org/W2885902514","https://openalex.org/W2914671753","https://openalex.org/W2915069968","https://openalex.org/W2947633121","https://openalex.org/W2950578663","https://openalex.org/W2974832674","https://openalex.org/W2974871515","https://openalex.org/W2989985838","https://openalex.org/W2990381188","https://openalex.org/W2993531843","https://openalex.org/W3013330822","https://openalex.org/W3032508677","https://openalex.org/W3047614479","https://openalex.org/W3085133347","https://openalex.org/W3107226988","https://openalex.org/W3111667030","https://openalex.org/W3120898366","https://openalex.org/W3122940095","https://openalex.org/W3160437825","https://openalex.org/W3199168247","https://openalex.org/W3199541341","https://openalex.org/W3199626032","https://openalex.org/W3199883594","https://openalex.org/W3200658236","https://openalex.org/W3200914982","https://openalex.org/W3201297712","https://openalex.org/W4224024104","https://openalex.org/W4225004649","https://openalex.org/W4252183732","https://openalex.org/W4282822921","https://openalex.org/W4283798144","https://openalex.org/W4300946796","https://openalex.org/W4321107650","https://openalex.org/W4362600611","https://openalex.org/W4366527487","https://openalex.org/W4366547511","https://openalex.org/W4380354734","https://openalex.org/W4386585978","https://openalex.org/W4386586039","https://openalex.org/W4386636309","https://openalex.org/W4386636310","https://openalex.org/W4387449116","https://openalex.org/W4392432793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086338133","https://openalex.org/W4367679314","https://openalex.org/W225526533","https://openalex.org/W2078361494","https://openalex.org/W2009234990","https://openalex.org/W4244083766","https://openalex.org/W2091016074","https://openalex.org/W2134615400","https://openalex.org/W2023583523","https://openalex.org/W2022769024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,37,66,69,74,94,121,124,130],"rise":[2],"of":[3,39,91,126,132],"autonomous":[4],"vehicles":[5],"(AVs)":[6],"in":[7,98,129],"transportation,":[8],"a":[9,50,78],"pressing":[10],"concern":[11],"is":[12],"their":[13,99,141],"seamless":[14],"integration":[15],"into":[16],"daily":[17],"life.":[18],"In":[19],"multi-pedestrian":[20,51],"settings,":[21],"two":[22],"challenges":[23],"emerge:":[24],"ensuring":[25],"unambiguous":[26],"communication":[27,92],"to":[28,60],"individual":[29],"pedestrians":[30],"via":[31],"external":[32],"Human-Machine":[33],"Interfaces":[34],"(eHMIs),":[35],"and":[36,58,72,105],"influence":[38],"one":[40],"pedestrian":[41,75,104],"over":[42,93],"another.":[43],"We":[44],"conducted":[45],"an":[46],"experiment":[47],"(N=25)":[48],"using":[49],"virtual":[52],"reality":[53],"simulator.":[54],"Participants":[55],"were":[56,101],"paired":[57],"exposed":[59],"three":[61],"distinct":[62],"eHMI":[63,87],"concepts:":[64],"on":[65,73],"vehicle,":[67],"within":[68],"surrounding":[70],"infrastructure,":[71],"themselves,":[76],"against":[77],"baseline":[79],"without":[80],"any":[81],"eHMI.":[82],"Results":[83],"indicate":[84],"that":[85],"all":[86],"concepts":[88],"improved":[89],"clarity":[90],"baseline,":[95],"but":[96],"differences":[97],"effectiveness":[100],"observed.":[102],"While":[103],"infrastructure":[106],"communications":[107],"often":[108],"provided":[109],"more":[110],"direct":[111],"clarity,":[112],"vehicle-based":[113],"cues":[114,139],"at":[115],"times":[116],"introduced":[117],"uncertainty":[118],"elements.":[119],"Furthermore,":[120],"study":[122],"identified":[123],"role":[125],"co-located":[127],"pedestrians:":[128],"absence":[131],"clear":[133],"AV":[134],"communication,":[135],"individuals":[136],"frequently":[137],"sought":[138],"from":[140],"peers.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}