{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402521255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087","title":"Goldilocks Zoning: Evaluating a Gaze-Aware Approach to Task-Agnostic VR Notification Placement","display_name":"Goldilocks Zoning: Evaluating a Gaze-Aware Approach to Task-Agnostic VR Notification Placement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402521255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069862628","display_name":"Cory Ilo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cory Ilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Human-Computer Interaction, Virginia Tech, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1208-8260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Human-Computer Interaction, Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036534746","display_name":"Stephen DiVerdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen DiVerdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-3381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069853790","display_name":"Doug A. Bowman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Bowman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Human Computer Interaction, Virginia Tech, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-5067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Human Computer Interaction, Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069862628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84416873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goldilocks-principle","display_name":"Goldilocks principle","score":0.9054282903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7667529582977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.65668123960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5693955421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5602636933326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16685497760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06112581491470337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177321328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580479","display_name":"Goldilocks principle","level":2,"score":0.9054282903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667529582977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.65668123960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5693955421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5602636933326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16685497760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06112581491470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/121533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/121533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W407105917","https://openalex.org/W1496918241","https://openalex.org/W1580529010","https://openalex.org/W1998156843","https://openalex.org/W2001292995","https://openalex.org/W2024585795","https://openalex.org/W2054170361","https://openalex.org/W2061168940","https://openalex.org/W2089734092","https://openalex.org/W2092630555","https://openalex.org/W2116817369","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2137529870","https://openalex.org/W2166299892","https://openalex.org/W2168054807","https://openalex.org/W2168867823","https://openalex.org/W2311815372","https://openalex.org/W2466983165","https://openalex.org/W2587868517","https://openalex.org/W2604150046","https://openalex.org/W2610296840","https://openalex.org/W2770930831","https://openalex.org/W2786051348","https://openalex.org/W2790531415","https://openalex.org/W2792879624","https://openalex.org/W2798913148","https://openalex.org/W2799377814","https://openalex.org/W2937273808","https://openalex.org/W2980956911","https://openalex.org/W2982032772","https://openalex.org/W3024075723","https://openalex.org/W3029520207","https://openalex.org/W3033023648","https://openalex.org/W3095623676","https://openalex.org/W3118436759","https://openalex.org/W3164089640","https://openalex.org/W3193387682","https://openalex.org/W3205571996","https://openalex.org/W3207594185","https://openalex.org/W4221078466","https://openalex.org/W4223542857","https://openalex.org/W4224255981","https://openalex.org/W4225011183","https://openalex.org/W4234816175","https://openalex.org/W4234833891","https://openalex.org/W4245112892","https://openalex.org/W4302759767","https://openalex.org/W4307475996","https://openalex.org/W4308842762","https://openalex.org/W4360978301","https://openalex.org/W4361806248","https://openalex.org/W4366590996","https://openalex.org/W4387801226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2075370846","https://openalex.org/W3092476706","https://openalex.org/W2051523251","https://openalex.org/W4256501598","https://openalex.org/W4247168545","https://openalex.org/W4255005164","https://openalex.org/W2140941076","https://openalex.org/W3196817267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"virtual":[1],"reality":[2],"(VR)":[3],"offers":[4],"immersive":[5],"experiences,":[6],"users":[7],"need":[8],"to":[9,68,96,108,137,150,154],"remain":[10],"aware":[11],"of":[12,74,86,114],"notifications":[13,19,70],"from":[14],"outside":[15],"VR.":[16],"However,":[17],"inserting":[18],"into":[20],"a":[21,51,61,91,112,141],"VR":[22,37],"experience":[23],"can":[24],"result":[25],"in":[26,30,36,111,128,143],"distraction":[27],"or":[28],"breaks":[29],"presence,":[31],"since":[32],"existing":[33],"notification":[34,53,98,138],"systems":[35],"use":[38,151],"static":[39],"placement":[40,54,99],"and":[41],"lack":[42],"situational":[43],"awareness.":[44],"We":[45,101],"address":[46],"this":[47,87,144],"challenge":[48],"by":[49],"introducing":[50],"novel":[52],"technique,":[55,88],"Goldilocks":[56],"Zoning":[57],"(GZ),":[58],"which":[59],"leverages":[60],"360-degree":[62],"heatmap":[63],"generated":[64],"using":[65],"gaze":[66,161],"data":[67],"place":[69],"near":[71],"salient":[72],"areas":[73],"the":[75,79,84,132,148,156,160],"environment":[76],"without":[77],"obstructing":[78],"primary":[80,115],"task.":[81],"To":[82],"investigate":[83],"effectiveness":[85],"we":[89,146],"conducted":[90],"dual-task":[92],"experiment":[93],"comparing":[94],"GZ":[95,104],"common":[97],"techniques.":[100],"found":[102],"that":[103,121],"had":[105],"similar":[106],"performance":[107],"state-of-the-art":[109],"techniques":[110],"variety":[113],"task":[116,157],"scenarios.":[117],"Our":[118],"study":[119],"reveals":[120],"no":[122],"single":[123],"technique":[124],"is":[125],"universally":[126],"optimal":[127],"dynamic":[129],"settings,":[130],"underscoring":[131],"potential":[133,149],"for":[134],"adaptive":[135],"approaches":[136],"management.":[139],"As":[140],"step":[142],"direction,":[145],"explored":[147],"machine":[152],"learning":[153],"predict":[155],"based":[158],"on":[159],"heatmap.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
