{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402521034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084","title":"OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDs","display_name":"OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402521034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035366239","display_name":"Rajkumar Darbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-8508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Darbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004617741","display_name":"Xuning Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuning Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009679637","display_name":"Xinan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7469-3980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025113017","display_name":"Yushi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-0557"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031886887","display_name":"Hai\u2010Ning Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3600-8955"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Ning Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Media and Arts Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Media and Arts Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001120030","display_name":"Wenge Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-7437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenge Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DMT Lab, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMT Lab, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102725877","display_name":"Sayan Sarcar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1052-4633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayan Sarcar","raw_affiliation_strings":["DMT Lab, School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DMT Lab, School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035366239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91129333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.652678906917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.46040499210357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.20149770379066467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652678906917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.46040499210357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.20149770379066467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677386.3682084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677386.3682084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977452208","https://openalex.org/W2004684719","https://openalex.org/W2008181407","https://openalex.org/W2015247397","https://openalex.org/W2029948294","https://openalex.org/W2040569955","https://openalex.org/W2060980188","https://openalex.org/W2088182082","https://openalex.org/W2088338276","https://openalex.org/W2099287431","https://openalex.org/W2103751734","https://openalex.org/W2107655853","https://openalex.org/W2121115269","https://openalex.org/W2131740967","https://openalex.org/W2133495565","https://openalex.org/W2135282300","https://openalex.org/W2137864660","https://openalex.org/W2169709590","https://openalex.org/W2242746777","https://openalex.org/W2400840826","https://openalex.org/W2400993875","https://openalex.org/W2518198411","https://openalex.org/W2535066354","https://openalex.org/W2581706031","https://openalex.org/W2610293580","https://openalex.org/W2610616616","https://openalex.org/W2611904979","https://openalex.org/W2754253996","https://openalex.org/W2782574535","https://openalex.org/W2795625669","https://openalex.org/W2796027639","https://openalex.org/W2796228338","https://openalex.org/W2890404080","https://openalex.org/W2901482039","https://openalex.org/W2903936639","https://openalex.org/W2943475692","https://openalex.org/W2955054828","https://openalex.org/W2969532307","https://openalex.org/W2972801030","https://openalex.org/W2980862700","https://openalex.org/W2980899416","https://openalex.org/W2998816641","https://openalex.org/W3031035697","https://openalex.org/W3031549522","https://openalex.org/W3070788613","https://openalex.org/W3111204420","https://openalex.org/W3118105922","https://openalex.org/W3121677306","https://openalex.org/W3160256095","https://openalex.org/W3164985182","https://openalex.org/W3206237932","https://openalex.org/W3207195644","https://openalex.org/W4225014740","https://openalex.org/W4225015736","https://openalex.org/W4225089689","https://openalex.org/W4225093743","https://openalex.org/W4225097421","https://openalex.org/W4244024001","https://openalex.org/W4255887680","https://openalex.org/W4312392850","https://openalex.org/W4312841490","https://openalex.org/W4315630797","https://openalex.org/W4320519759","https://openalex.org/W4321488104","https://openalex.org/W4360991061","https://openalex.org/W4366547680","https://openalex.org/W4366549167","https://openalex.org/W4366549479","https://openalex.org/W4366586197","https://openalex.org/W4383683046","https://openalex.org/W4387250104","https://openalex.org/W4387350466","https://openalex.org/W4387835528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3176169626","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W1606200072","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text":[0],"entry":[1,29,169],"is":[2],"an":[3,15],"essential":[4],"and":[5,17,58,62,123,144,160],"frequent":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8],"Augmented":[9],"Reality":[10],"(AR)":[11],"applications,":[12],"yet":[13],"developing":[14],"effective":[16,161],"user-friendly":[18],"method":[19],"remains":[20],"a":[21,27,39,109,137,145],"challenge.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"introduces":[25],"OnArmQWERTY,":[26],"text":[28,168],"technique":[30],"for":[31],"AR":[32],"HMDs":[33],"that":[34,117],"allows":[35],"users":[36],"to":[37,108],"project":[38],"virtual":[40,112],"QWERTY":[41],"keyboard":[42,73],"onto":[43],"various":[44],"locations":[45],"on":[46,74,127],"their":[47,75],"non-dominant":[48],"hand,":[49,57,86],"including":[50],"the":[51,53,56,60,66,80,84,89,103,128,153],"palm,":[52],"back":[54],"of":[55,65,83,93,105,141,149,155],"both":[59],"anterior":[61],"posterior":[63],"sides":[64],"forearm.":[67],"Users":[68],"interact":[69],"with":[70,79],"this":[71],"overlaid":[72],"skin":[76],"by":[77],"tapping":[78],"index":[81],"finger":[82],"dominant":[85],"benefiting":[87],"from":[88],"inherent":[90],"self-haptic":[91],"feedback":[92,163],"on-body":[94],"interaction.":[95],"A":[96],"user":[97],"study":[98],"involving":[99],"13":[100],"participants":[101],"evaluated":[102],"performance":[104],"OnArmQWERTY":[106,118],"compared":[107],"traditional":[110],"mid-air":[111],"keyboard.":[113],"The":[114],"results":[115],"demonstrate":[116],"significantly":[119],"improves":[120],"typing":[121,126,139,158],"speed":[122,140],"accuracy.":[124],"Specifically,":[125],"palm":[129],"location":[130],"outperforms":[131],"all":[132],"other":[133],"on-arm":[134],"locations,":[135],"achieving":[136],"mean":[138,146],"20.18":[142],"WPM":[143],"error":[147],"rate":[148],"0.71%,":[150],"which":[151],"underscores":[152],"importance":[154],"comfortable,":[156],"ergonomic":[157],"postures":[159],"tactile":[162],"as":[164],"key":[165],"factors":[166],"enhancing":[167],"performance.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}