{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403423065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677074","title":"From Motivating to Manipulative: The Use of Deceptive Design in a Game's Free-to-Play Transition","display_name":"From Motivating to Manipulative: The Use of Deceptive Design in a Game's Free-to-Play Transition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403423065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677074","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059981371","display_name":"Hilda Hadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hilda Hadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070832832","display_name":"Sabrina Alicia Sgandurra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-263X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Alicia Sgandurra","raw_affiliation_strings":["English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084389654","display_name":"Leah Zhang-Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah Zhang-Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045627721","display_name":"Lennart E. Nacke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lennart E. Nacke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059981371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98311242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"CHI PLAY","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.7266232371330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.6999421119689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6419448852539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.6285741925239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5230268239974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5143090486526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.44724148511886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-developer","display_name":"Game Developer","score":0.42867782711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3278130888938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24810251593589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1851297914981842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.7266232371330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.6999421119689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6419448852539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.6285741925239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5230268239974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5143090486526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.44724148511886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41826821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844005","display_name":"Game Developer","level":3,"score":0.42867782711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3278130888938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24810251593589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1851297914981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677074","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.22901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22901","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.22901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/20724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/20724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677074","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403423065.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112537198","https://openalex.org/W148591480","https://openalex.org/W565891557","https://openalex.org/W1240798365","https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1545525778","https://openalex.org/W1967661878","https://openalex.org/W1968771487","https://openalex.org/W1977314898","https://openalex.org/W2005711397","https://openalex.org/W2064046218","https://openalex.org/W2083590769","https://openalex.org/W2135693853","https://openalex.org/W2151187636","https://openalex.org/W2157582551","https://openalex.org/W2169974385","https://openalex.org/W2497080131","https://openalex.org/W2531069277","https://openalex.org/W2564290053","https://openalex.org/W2756474232","https://openalex.org/W2793464324","https://openalex.org/W2795529671","https://openalex.org/W2811319480","https://openalex.org/W2919912326","https://openalex.org/W2948876638","https://openalex.org/W2962510585","https://openalex.org/W2989395055","https://openalex.org/W2989867769","https://openalex.org/W3023536897","https://openalex.org/W3030993165","https://openalex.org/W3088309134","https://openalex.org/W3116930546","https://openalex.org/W3137759237","https://openalex.org/W3207851847","https://openalex.org/W3208693143","https://openalex.org/W4206301500","https://openalex.org/W4224082426","https://openalex.org/W4242994815","https://openalex.org/W4288075917","https://openalex.org/W4288086176","https://openalex.org/W4307273079","https://openalex.org/W4307884787","https://openalex.org/W4307888351","https://openalex.org/W4323030128","https://openalex.org/W4366547483","https://openalex.org/W4366598909","https://openalex.org/W4377865281","https://openalex.org/W4387332669","https://openalex.org/W4394880928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294947912","https://openalex.org/W4207081595","https://openalex.org/W1583852935","https://openalex.org/W4231050501","https://openalex.org/W2488706709","https://openalex.org/W4311459595","https://openalex.org/W2996376398","https://openalex.org/W2130088927","https://openalex.org/W2061625644","https://openalex.org/W2091027181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,4,14,19,46,91,139,146],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"free-to-play":[5],"(F2P)":[6],"game":[7,39,61,94],"business":[8],"model":[9,79],"has":[10],"gained":[11],"popularity":[12],"in":[13,81,126,151],"games":[15,82,129],"industry.":[16],"We":[17,68,137],"examine":[18],"role":[20],"of":[21,45,104,115,134,141,148],"deceptive":[22,65,135,149],"design":[23,66],"during":[24],"a":[25,42,74,131],"game's":[26,107],"transition":[27,109],"to":[28,53,73,98,123],"F2P":[29,55],"and":[30,41,96,102,118,145],"its":[31],"impacts":[32],"on":[33,38,111],"players.":[34],"Our":[35,57,88],"analysis":[36,44],"focuses":[37],"mechanics":[40,62],"Reddit":[43],"Overwatch":[47],"(OW)":[48],"series":[49],"after":[50],"it":[51],"transitioned":[52],"an":[54],"model.":[56],"study":[58],"identifies":[59],"nine":[60],"that":[63],"use":[64],"patterns.":[67],"also":[69],"identify":[70,90],"factors":[71],"contributing":[72],"negative":[75],"gameplay":[76],"experience.":[77],"Business":[78],"transitions":[80],"present":[83],"possibilities":[84],"for":[85,93],"problematic":[86],"practices.":[87],"findings":[89],"need":[92,130],"developers":[95],"publishers":[97],"balance":[99],"player":[100,116,143],"investments":[101],"fairness":[103],"rewards.":[105],"A":[106],"successful":[108],"depends":[110],"maintaining":[112],"fundamental":[113],"components":[114],"motivation":[117],"ensuring":[119],"transparent":[120],"communication.":[121],"Compared":[122],"existing":[124],"taxonomies":[125],"other":[127],"media,":[128],"comprehensive":[132],"classification":[133],"design.":[136],"emphasize":[138],"importance":[140],"understanding":[142],"perceptions":[144],"impact":[147],"practices":[150],"future":[152],"research.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}