{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404350209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677052.3698694","title":"AI in Investment Analysis: LLMs for Equity Stock Ratings","display_name":"AI in Investment Analysis: LLMs for Equity Stock Ratings","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404350209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677052.3698694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677052.3698694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677052.3698694","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677052.3698694","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on AI in Finance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677052.3698694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030885959","display_name":"Kassiani Papasotiriou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802755631","display_name":"Morgan Stanley (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00aphdz18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kassiani Papasotiriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7410-9575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043221382","display_name":"Srijan Sood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802755631","display_name":"Morgan Stanley (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00aphdz18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srijan Sood","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0518-4482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064210543","display_name":"Shayleen Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5905-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802755631","display_name":"Morgan Stanley (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00aphdz18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shayleen Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5905-4189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, United States,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035482777","display_name":"Tucker Balch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-2033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tucker Balch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States and AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, USA,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-2033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States and AI Research, J.P. Morgan, New York, NY, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030885959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802755631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9354197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"419","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market","display_name":"Stock market","score":0.5300619006156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4956322908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","score":0.48139524459838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.48067912459373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.4407579302787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-market","display_name":"Financial market","score":0.42241692543029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2439168393611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11729010939598083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.5300619006156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4956322908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.48139524459838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.48067912459373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4407579302787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19244329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208697","display_name":"Financial market","level":2,"score":0.42241692543029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2439168393611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11729010939598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5905368","display_name":"Horse","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677052.3698694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677052.3698694","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677052.3698694","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on AI in Finance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.00856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00856","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.00856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:arx:papers:2411.00856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3677052.3698694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3677052.3698694","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3677052.3698694","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on AI in Finance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404350209.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143747826","https://openalex.org/W2914304175","https://openalex.org/W3121551929","https://openalex.org/W3122553568","https://openalex.org/W3123783456","https://openalex.org/W3125916087","https://openalex.org/W3133689835","https://openalex.org/W4252360640","https://openalex.org/W4303415434","https://openalex.org/W4324268178","https://openalex.org/W4364320763","https://openalex.org/W4388994251","https://openalex.org/W4391286169","https://openalex.org/W4392366650","https://openalex.org/W4398160938","https://openalex.org/W6811233882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391972466","https://openalex.org/W2756055902","https://openalex.org/W2396327212","https://openalex.org/W2314449559","https://openalex.org/W2790538353","https://openalex.org/W2916967094","https://openalex.org/W2915942763","https://openalex.org/W342106588","https://openalex.org/W2370669686","https://openalex.org/W2645942849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investment":[0],"Analysis":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3],"cornerstone":[4],"of":[5,13,37,60,94,102],"the":[6,27,35,58,90,100,110],"Financial":[7],"Services":[8],"industry.":[9],"The":[10],"rapid":[11],"integration":[12],"advanced":[14],"machine":[15],"learning":[16],"techniques,":[17],"particularly":[18],"Large":[19],"Language":[20],"Models":[21],"(LLMs),":[22],"offers":[23],"opportunities":[24],"to":[25,39,77,88],"enhance":[26],"equity":[28],"stock":[29,41,45,52,95],"rating":[30,53],"process.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"explores":[34],"application":[36],"LLMs":[38,87,108],"predict":[40],"performance":[42],"and":[43,63,74,92],"generate":[44],"ratings":[46],"by":[47,85],"ingesting":[48],"diverse":[49],"datasets.":[50],"Traditional":[51],"methods":[54],"rely":[55],"heavily":[56],"on":[57],"expertise":[59],"financial":[61,111],"analysts,":[62],"face":[64],"several":[65],"challenges":[66],"such":[67],"as":[68],"data":[69,105],"overload,":[70],"inconsistencies":[71],"in":[72],"filings,":[73],"delayed":[75],"reactions":[76],"market":[78],"events.":[79],"Our":[80],"study":[81],"addresses":[82],"these":[83],"issues":[84],"leveraging":[86],"improve":[89],"accuracy":[91],"consistency":[93],"ratings.":[96],"Additionally,":[97],"we":[98],"assess":[99],"efficacy":[101],"using":[103],"different":[104],"modalities":[106],"with":[107],"for":[109],"domain.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
