{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401335915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","title":"Mixture-of-Languages Routing for Multilingual Dialogues","display_name":"Mixture-of-Languages Routing for Multilingual Dialogues","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401335915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061075100","display_name":"Jiahuan Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahuan Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061123516","display_name":"Guojun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031439294","display_name":"Maarten de Rijke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten De Rijke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046700486","display_name":"Pengjie Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-6422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengjie Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061075100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86878017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8419938087463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6870149374008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.649779200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.602263331413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5699520111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5180649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5136827826499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingualism","display_name":"Multilingualism","score":0.4923771619796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.4681394696235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4661620259284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.28426992893218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08920103311538696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8419938087463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6870149374008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.649779200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.602263331413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5699520111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5180649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5136827826499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.4923771619796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.4681394696235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4661620259284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.28426992893218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08920103311538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/3ae8ce1f-c769-4d92-8d8c-b432a0779c7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/3ae8ce1f-c769-4d92-8d8c-b432a0779c7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pei, J, Yan, G, De Rijke, M & Ren, P 2024, 'Mixture-of-Languages Routing for Multilingual Dialogues', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 42, no. 6, 165, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/3ae8ce1f-c769-4d92-8d8c-b432a0779c7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/3ae8ce1f-c769-4d92-8d8c-b432a0779c7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pei, J, Yan, G, De Rijke, M & Ren, P 2024, 'Mixture-of-Languages Routing for Multilingual Dialogues', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 42, no. 6, 165, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676956","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401335915.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223988731","https://openalex.org/W625204004","https://openalex.org/W640110809","https://openalex.org/W1479678210","https://openalex.org/W1498990157","https://openalex.org/W1506887983","https://openalex.org/W1540550292","https://openalex.org/W1909180194","https://openalex.org/W1976549386","https://openalex.org/W2007358765","https://openalex.org/W2009506985","https://openalex.org/W2039322291","https://openalex.org/W2080058960","https://openalex.org/W2094474086","https://openalex.org/W2096122316","https://openalex.org/W2131134557","https://openalex.org/W2164499211","https://openalex.org/W2164738750","https://openalex.org/W2199894951","https://openalex.org/W2241862190","https://openalex.org/W2278187120","https://openalex.org/W2346933546","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2516035529","https://openalex.org/W2524182563","https://openalex.org/W2538242954","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2597601064","https://openalex.org/W2599674900","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W2612560781","https://openalex.org/W2620558438","https://openalex.org/W2741609678","https://openalex.org/W2769280657","https://openalex.org/W2781528640","https://openalex.org/W2790446975","https://openalex.org/W2810821963","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2891896107","https://openalex.org/W2908834655","https://openalex.org/W2911319979","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2912512851","https://openalex.org/W2913954081","https://openalex.org/W2915722758","https://openalex.org/W2941290279","https://openalex.org/W2945397504","https://openalex.org/W2948506235","https://openalex.org/W2953126480","https://openalex.org/W2963352326","https://openalex.org/W2972688845","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W3001434439","https://openalex.org/W3015322406","https://openalex.org/W3017290615","https://openalex.org/W3021016503","https://openalex.org/W3021792233","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3081886688","https://openalex.org/W3088273075","https://openalex.org/W3093517588","https://openalex.org/W3104723404","https://openalex.org/W3105864225","https://openalex.org/W3111869745","https://openalex.org/W3130880317","https://openalex.org/W3136045925","https://openalex.org/W3143835353","https://openalex.org/W3158607076","https://openalex.org/W3160936529","https://openalex.org/W3193603894","https://openalex.org/W3193685260","https://openalex.org/W3193807484","https://openalex.org/W3195014936","https://openalex.org/W3196635871","https://openalex.org/W3198642385","https://openalex.org/W3199940397","https://openalex.org/W3210201166","https://openalex.org/W4206037183","https://openalex.org/W4212822326","https://openalex.org/W4213069590","https://openalex.org/W4230664406","https://openalex.org/W4233337856","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4285161860","https://openalex.org/W4285179082","https://openalex.org/W4287795696","https://openalex.org/W4287888088","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4290742115","https://openalex.org/W4383737134","https://openalex.org/W4386566582","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W4399584083","https://openalex.org/W6600291067","https://openalex.org/W6601365666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968552888","https://openalex.org/W2374116601","https://openalex.org/W3093134843","https://openalex.org/W2772323916","https://openalex.org/W1511346092","https://openalex.org/W1527532029","https://openalex.org/W2378167147","https://openalex.org/W3210777354","https://openalex.org/W2281307425","https://openalex.org/W2464405057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,36,67,97],"consider":[1],"multilingual":[2,63,82,130],"dialogue":[3,12,65,132],"systems":[4,133],"and":[5,52,95,103,114,116,147],"ask":[6],"how":[7],"the":[8,27,89,127],"performance":[9,128],"of":[10,81,91,101,108,129],"a":[11,31,38,53,57,69,106,151],"system":[13],"can":[14,46,134],"be":[15,47,135],"improved":[16],"by":[17,138],"using":[18,105],"information":[19],"that":[20,73,126],"is":[21,33,125],"available":[22],"in":[23,29,150],"other":[24],"languages":[25],"than":[26],"language":[28,84,99,145],"which":[30],"conversation":[32],"being":[34],"conducted.":[35],"adopt":[37],"collaborative":[39],"chair-experts":[40],"framework,":[41],"where":[42],"each":[43],"expert":[44],"agent":[45,55],"either":[48],"monolingual":[49],"or":[50],"cross-lingual,":[51],"chair":[54],"follows":[56],"mixture-of-experts":[58],"procedure":[59],"for":[60],"globally":[61],"optimizing":[62],"task-oriented":[64,131],"systems.":[66],"propose":[68],"mixture-of-languages":[70,152],"routing":[71,153],"framework":[72],"includes":[74],"four":[75],"functional":[76],"components,":[77],"i.e.,":[78,111,142],"input":[79],"embeddings":[80],"dialogues,":[83],"model,":[85],"pairwise":[86],"alignment":[87],"between":[88],"representation":[90],"every":[92],"two":[93],"languages,":[94],"mixture-of-languages.":[96],"quantify":[98],"characteristics":[100],"unity":[102],"diversity":[104],"number":[107],"similarity":[109,113,118],"metrics,":[110],"genetic":[112],"word":[115],"sentence":[117],"based":[119],"on":[120],"embeddings.":[121],"Our":[122],"main":[123],"finding":[124],"greatly":[136],"impacted":[137],"three":[139],"key":[140],"aspects,":[141],"data":[143],"sufficiency,":[144],"characteristics,":[146],"model":[148],"design":[149],"framework.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
