{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409282590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3698872","title":"Invited Paper: Enhancing Privacy-Preserving Computing with Optimized CKKS Encryption: A Hardware Acceleration Approach","display_name":"Invited Paper: Enhancing Privacy-Preserving Computing with Optimized CKKS Encryption: A Hardware Acceleration Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409282590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3698872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3698872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3698872","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3698872","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3698872","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019186749","display_name":"Tianyou Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianyou Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053238326","display_name":"Pengzhou He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhou He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027261160","display_name":"Jiafeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019186749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70835166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7832232713699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6828342080116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6683706045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5734208822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4371098279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35601386427879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31623294949531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.21320068836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.04783949255943298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7832232713699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6828342080116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6683706045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5734208822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4371098279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35601386427879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31623294949531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.21320068836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.04783949255943298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3698872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3698872","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3698872","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3698872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3698872","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3698872","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3056037711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60NANB20D20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4508093486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIST-60NANB20D203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4935221308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIST-60NANB20D203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G564173832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60NANB20D203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414614779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SaTC-2020625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921104757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SaTC-2020625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409282590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409282590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2087096176","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2794974431","https://openalex.org/W2899140612","https://openalex.org/W2934510082","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W3023192521","https://openalex.org/W3169180249","https://openalex.org/W3196234312","https://openalex.org/W3207326900","https://openalex.org/W4226261894","https://openalex.org/W4236371191","https://openalex.org/W4306176121","https://openalex.org/W4311510916","https://openalex.org/W4385187193","https://openalex.org/W4387918108","https://openalex.org/W4388925834","https://openalex.org/W4391164410","https://openalex.org/W4392753673","https://openalex.org/W4400487943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W602859758","https://openalex.org/W1971289376","https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W2146872326","https://openalex.org/W3158825072","https://openalex.org/W3152699334","https://openalex.org/W2390254310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,42,76,93,114],"the":[4,21,36,43,50,55,65,74,77,106,112],"FHE":[5],"(Fully":[6],"Homomorphic":[7],"Encryption)":[8],"CKKS":[9,44],"(Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song)":[10],"encryption":[11,45],"algorithm":[12],"is":[13,88],"stunted":[14],"by":[15,38],"its":[16],"slow":[17],"software":[18],"implementation,":[19],"driving":[20],"need":[22],"for":[23],"efficient":[24],"hardware":[25,78],"acceleration":[26],"solutions.":[27],"This":[28,70,84],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"a":[31,40],"novel":[32],"approach":[33],"to":[34,90],"address":[35],"challenge":[37],"optimizing":[39],"segment":[41],"and":[46,62,80],"decryption":[47],"process.":[48],"Using":[49],"Residue":[51],"Number":[52],"System":[53],"(RNS),":[54],"inputs":[56,92],"are":[57],"encoded":[58],"into":[59,101],"32-bit":[60],"representations":[61],"processed":[63],"through":[64],"number":[66],"theoretic":[67],"transform":[68],"(NTT).":[69],"innovative":[71],"strategy":[72],"reduces":[73],"utilities":[75],"resources":[79],"also":[81],"accelerates":[82],"calculations.":[83,115],"unified":[85],"calculation":[86],"methodology":[87],"designed":[89],"adapt":[91],"diverse":[94],"bit":[95],"widths,":[96],"seamlessly":[97],"decoding":[98],"them":[99],"back":[100],"their":[102],"original":[103],"format":[104],"after":[105],"CRT":[107],"calculation,":[108],"thereby":[109],"significantly":[110],"enhancing":[111],"throughput":[113],"We":[116],"hope":[117],"this":[118],"work":[119],"advances":[120],"privacy-preserving":[121],"computing":[122],"in":[123],"resource-constrained":[124],"environments.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}