{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409306199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3676812","title":"Neural Architecture Search for Highly Bespoke Robust Printed Neuromorphic Circuits","display_name":"Neural Architecture Search for Highly Bespoke Robust Printed Neuromorphic Circuits","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409306199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3676812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3676812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3676812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3676812","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3676812","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103175471","display_name":"Priyanjana Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2977-8471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanjana Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2977-8471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084787896","display_name":"Haibin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-1159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut of Telematics (TM) , Chair for Pervasive Computing Systems (PCS), TECO Research Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-1159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut of Telematics (TM) , Chair for Pervasive Computing Systems (PCS), TECO Research Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099516405","display_name":"Tara Gheshlaghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara Gheshlaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6893-6318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038362728","display_name":"Michael Hefenbrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hefenbrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["RevoAI GmbH, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RevoAI GmbH, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082553444","display_name":"Michael Beigl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Beigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECO, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-2327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECO, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445713","display_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEC-Chair of Dependable Nano Computing (CDNC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72608707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bespoke","display_name":"Bespoke","score":0.9603406190872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.847383975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.6916584372520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6614860892295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5848448276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4634957015514374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39106616377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3419409990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18504059314727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11148923635482788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44210515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968978","display_name":"Bespoke","level":2,"score":0.9603406190872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.847383975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6916584372520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6614860892295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5848448276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4634957015514374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39106616377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3419409990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18504059314727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11148923635482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3676812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3676812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3676812","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676536.3676812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676536.3676812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3676536.3676812","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409306199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409306199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966298300","https://openalex.org/W2044479329","https://openalex.org/W2139696100","https://openalex.org/W2180748755","https://openalex.org/W2400942023","https://openalex.org/W2482510111","https://openalex.org/W2523038860","https://openalex.org/W2526044239","https://openalex.org/W2892267833","https://openalex.org/W2945448912","https://openalex.org/W2952721922","https://openalex.org/W3143763173","https://openalex.org/W3158433024","https://openalex.org/W3204686244","https://openalex.org/W4200136000","https://openalex.org/W4242572675","https://openalex.org/W4251614364","https://openalex.org/W4360828136","https://openalex.org/W4366213854","https://openalex.org/W4387210396","https://openalex.org/W4389166742","https://openalex.org/W4389166773","https://openalex.org/W6759195396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396891704","https://openalex.org/W2951049725","https://openalex.org/W4285308918","https://openalex.org/W4387459935","https://openalex.org/W3015991694","https://openalex.org/W2908450434","https://openalex.org/W3193008624","https://openalex.org/W4382561696","https://openalex.org/W2581119583","https://openalex.org/W2895519962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"market":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3],"next-generation":[4],"flexible":[5],"electronics":[6,32,44],"is":[7],"experiencing":[8],"a":[9,65],"significant":[10],"upsurge,":[11],"particularly":[12],"in":[13,87,105,110],"cost-sensitive":[14],"consumer":[15],"applications":[16],"like":[17],"smart":[18,21],"packaging":[19],"and":[20,39,49,95,108,171,177],"bandages.":[22],"These":[23],"products":[24],"are":[25],"beyond":[26],"the":[27,54,88,102,106,111,116,130,140,155,157,163,184,187,190],"reach":[28],"of":[29,57,118,124],"traditional":[30],"silicon-based":[31],"due":[33],"to":[34,73,138,154,203],"their":[35],"high":[36],"production":[37],"cost":[38],"rigid":[40],"form":[41],"factor.":[42],"Printed":[43],"(PE),":[45],"with":[46,198],"its":[47],"adaptable":[48],"ultra-low-cost":[50],"solutions,":[51],"essentially":[52],"meet":[53],"unique":[55],"needs":[56],"these":[58],"emerging":[59],"application":[60],"areas.":[61],"This":[62],"work":[63],"presents":[64],"novel":[66],"approach":[67],"using":[68],"an":[69],"evolutionary":[70],"algorithm":[71,94,185],"(EA)":[72],"design":[74],"highly":[75],"bespoke":[76],"printed":[77],"analog":[78],"neuromorphic":[79],"circuits":[80,120],"(pNCs)":[81],"offering":[82],"robustness":[83,142],"against":[84,143],"variability":[85],"inherent":[86],"printing":[89,144,180,207],"process.":[90],"By":[91],"leveraging":[92],"this":[93],"designing":[96],"robust":[97,192],"activation":[98,112,125,193],"circuits,":[99,113],"not":[100],"only":[101,199],"resistances":[103],"(weights)":[104],"crossbar":[107],"parameters":[109],"but":[114],"also":[115],"types":[117],"nonlinear":[119],"(i.e.,":[121],"functional":[122],"forms":[123],"functions)":[126],"as":[127,129,189],"well":[128],"circuit":[131,141,196],"topologies":[132],"(neural":[133],"architecture)":[134],"can":[135,160],"be":[136],"learned":[137],"enhance":[139],"variations.":[145],"Experiments":[146],"on":[147],"13":[148],"benchmark":[149],"datasets":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"that,":[152],"compared":[153],"baseline,":[156],"proposed":[158],"methodology":[159],"further":[161],"outperform":[162],"normalized":[164],"classification":[165],"error":[166],"rate":[167],"by":[168],"\u2248":[169,172,200],"55.38%":[170],"25.11%":[173],"under":[174],"high-precision":[175],"(\u00b15%)":[176],"low-precision":[178],"(\u00b110%)":[179,206],"scenarios,":[181],"respectively.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"suggests":[186],"ReLU":[188],"most":[191],"function":[194],"(AF)":[195],"family":[197],"21%":[201],"susceptible":[202],"low":[204],"precision":[205],"variation.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}