{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402789316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676502","title":"Exploring Redirection and Shifting Techniques to Mask Hand Movements from Shoulder-Surfing Attacks during PIN Authentication in Virtual Reality","display_name":"Exploring Redirection and Shifting Techniques to Mask Hand Movements from Shoulder-Surfing Attacks during PIN Authentication in Virtual Reality","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402789316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054878725","display_name":"Yannick Wei\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-7963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannick Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-7963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020542993","display_name":"Steeven Villa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-1350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steeven Villa","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-1350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018178838","display_name":"Jesse W. Grootjen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-5377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386549","display_name":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/02nfy3535","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549","https://openalex.org/I62916508","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse W Grootjen","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich & Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-5377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich & Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101871125","display_name":"Matthias Hoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-4824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University Graduate School of Media Design, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-4824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University Graduate School of Media Design, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107493665","display_name":"Yasin Kale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6133-8162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasin Kale","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6133-8162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008195558","display_name":"Florian M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86795536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"MHCI","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6490724086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6132829189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5047591924667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4438365399837494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4168601632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4108172357082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15636485815048218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6490724086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6132829189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5047591924667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4438365399837494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4168601632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4108172357082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15636485815048218}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3676502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3676502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:154017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Weiss=3AYannick=3A=3A.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8294250313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"425869442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1950864686","https://openalex.org/W1979295886","https://openalex.org/W1988463028","https://openalex.org/W2028849308","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2405777275","https://openalex.org/W2470696819","https://openalex.org/W2573305285","https://openalex.org/W2610808162","https://openalex.org/W2783257340","https://openalex.org/W2789713441","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2795636899","https://openalex.org/W2797773519","https://openalex.org/W2852424125","https://openalex.org/W2887529650","https://openalex.org/W2940967687","https://openalex.org/W2941443690","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2945933611","https://openalex.org/W2967828216","https://openalex.org/W2973045819","https://openalex.org/W2980272688","https://openalex.org/W3005789113","https://openalex.org/W3005890490","https://openalex.org/W3025972484","https://openalex.org/W3027366259","https://openalex.org/W3028219535","https://openalex.org/W3041874169","https://openalex.org/W3093567147","https://openalex.org/W3114965367","https://openalex.org/W3163603676","https://openalex.org/W3215995064","https://openalex.org/W4245990317","https://openalex.org/W4250490597","https://openalex.org/W4281630538","https://openalex.org/W4281778915","https://openalex.org/W4366550338","https://openalex.org/W4366825094","https://openalex.org/W4367662733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000714840","https://openalex.org/W4294974825","https://openalex.org/W2967400911","https://openalex.org/W2943580202","https://openalex.org/W4241017176","https://openalex.org/W4361829742","https://openalex.org/W2344907852","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,45,124,139],"mobile":[3],"Virtual":[4],"Reality":[5],"(VR)":[6],"headsets":[7],"shifts":[8],"our":[9,15],"interaction":[10],"with":[11],"virtual":[12,52,131],"worlds":[13],"beyond":[14],"living":[16],"rooms":[17],"into":[18],"shared":[19],"spaces.":[20],"Consequently,":[21],"we":[22,74,95,118],"are":[23],"entrusting":[24],"more":[25,27],"and":[26,38,113],"personal":[28],"data":[29],"to":[30,57,61,78,120],"these":[31,98,116],"devices,":[32],"calling":[33],"for":[34],"strong":[35],"security":[36,102,123],"measures":[37],"authentication.":[39],"However,":[40],"the":[41,122,130],"standard":[42],"authentication":[43,85,127],"method":[44],"such":[46],"devices":[47],"-":[48,54],"entering":[49],"PINs":[50],"via":[51],"keyboards":[53],"is":[55],"vulnerable":[56],"shoulder-surfing,":[58],"as":[59],"movements":[60],"enter":[62],"keys":[63],"can":[64],"be":[65],"monitored":[66],"by":[67,86],"an":[68],"unnoticed":[69],"observer.":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"this,":[73],"evaluated":[75],"masking":[76],"techniques":[77],"obscure":[79],"VR":[80,126],"users'":[81,101],"input":[82],"during":[83],"PIN":[84],"diverting":[87],"their":[88,111],"hand":[89],"movements.":[90],"Through":[91],"two":[92],"experimental":[93],"studies,":[94],"demonstrate":[96],"that":[97],"methods":[99],"increase":[100],"against":[103],"shoulder-surfing":[104],"attacks":[105],"from":[106],"observers":[107],"without":[108,128],"excessively":[109],"impacting":[110],"experience":[112,132],"performance.":[114],"With":[115],"discoveries,":[117],"aim":[119],"enhance":[121],"future":[125],"disrupting":[129],"or":[133,137],"necessitating":[134],"additional":[135],"hardware":[136],"training":[138],"users.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}