{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403413494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679","title":"Documenting Ethical Considerations in Open Source AI Models","display_name":"Documenting Ethical Considerations in Open Source AI Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403413494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3686679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033505739","display_name":"Haoyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["the University of Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049386320","display_name":"Mansooreh Zahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansooreh Zahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["the University of Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077658936","display_name":"Christoph Treude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-2149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Treude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039376179","display_name":"Sarita Rosenstock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarita Rosenstock","raw_affiliation_strings":["the University of Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016340527","display_name":"Marc Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-3436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["the University of Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033505739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94763701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.7275686264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6351284980773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-model","display_name":"Source model","score":0.4628002345561981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.44666796922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35334867238998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21577149629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12454399466514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11824694275856018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.7275686264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6351284980773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985998994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Source model","level":2,"score":0.4628002345561981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.44666796922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35334867238998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21577149629592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12454399466514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11824694275856018}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3686679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3686679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3686679","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969939902","https://openalex.org/W2003205790","https://openalex.org/W2094462028","https://openalex.org/W2368671040","https://openalex.org/W2404691814","https://openalex.org/W2730550703","https://openalex.org/W2741570953","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2886791490","https://openalex.org/W2895456197","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2910871123","https://openalex.org/W2913771223","https://openalex.org/W2922720375","https://openalex.org/W2955439455","https://openalex.org/W2963889172","https://openalex.org/W2971418534","https://openalex.org/W2974071289","https://openalex.org/W3089515198","https://openalex.org/W3091740524","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3159467634","https://openalex.org/W3165292502","https://openalex.org/W3173543662","https://openalex.org/W3193448347","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4283155630","https://openalex.org/W4284670548","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4320087033","https://openalex.org/W4381587350","https://openalex.org/W4384302771","https://openalex.org/W4386080933","https://openalex.org/W4390222658","https://openalex.org/W4396833400","https://openalex.org/W4399631748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W166480398","https://openalex.org/W1612808768","https://openalex.org/W167327709","https://openalex.org/W1977393088","https://openalex.org/W4210922265","https://openalex.org/W2288962794","https://openalex.org/W4387839566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,64],"development":[2],"of":[3,51,66,77,97,119,135],"AI-enabled":[4],"software":[5,22],"heavily":[6],"depends":[7],"on":[8,37,57,99,169],"AI":[9,31,80,165],"model":[10,14,25,32,148,151,155,166],"documentation,":[11],"such":[12,58],"as":[13],"cards,":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,47,70,109,131,182],"different":[18],"domain":[19],"expertise":[20],"between":[21],"engineers":[23],"and":[24,101,104,127,154,174],"developers.":[26],"From":[27],"an":[28,116],"ethical":[29,38,75,136,171,190],"standpoint,":[30],"documentation":[33,59,90,98,167,187],"conveys":[34],"critical":[35],"information":[36],"considerations":[39],"along":[40],"with":[41,142],"mitigation":[42],"strategies":[43],"for":[44,88,185],"downstream":[45],"developers":[46,73],"ensure":[48],"the":[49,133,143],"delivery":[50],"ethically":[52],"compliant":[53],"software.":[54],"However,":[55],"knowledge":[56],"practice":[60,188],"remains":[61],"scarce.":[62],"Aims:":[63],"objective":[65],"our":[67],"study":[68],"is":[69],"investigate":[71],"how":[72],"document":[74],"aspects":[76],"open":[78,163],"source":[79,164],"models":[81],"in":[82],"practice,":[83],"aiming":[84],"at":[85],"providing":[86],"recommendations":[87],"future":[89],"endeavours.":[91],"Method:":[92],"We":[93,178],"selected":[94],"three":[95,144],"sources":[96],"GitHub":[100],"Hugging":[102],"Face,":[103],"developed":[105],"a":[106],"keyword":[107],"set":[108,118],"identify":[110],"ethics-related":[111],"documents":[112],"systematically.":[113],"After":[114],"filtering":[115],"initial":[117],"2,347":[120],"documents,":[121],"we":[122],"identified":[123],"265":[124],"relevant":[125],"ones":[126,146],"performed":[128],"thematic":[129],"analysis":[130],"derive":[132],"themes":[134,140],"considerations.":[137,191],"Results:":[138],"Six":[139],"emerge,":[141],"largest":[145],"being":[147],"behavioural":[149],"risks,":[150],"use":[152,175],"cases,":[153],"risk":[156],"mitigation.":[157],"Conclusions:":[158],"Our":[159],"findings":[160],"reveal":[161],"that":[162],"focuses":[168],"articulating":[170],"problem":[172],"statements":[173],"case":[176],"restrictions.":[177],"further":[179],"provide":[180],"suggestions":[181],"various":[183],"stakeholders":[184],"improving":[186],"regarding":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
