{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401597069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","title":"Error Credits: Resourceful Reasoning about Error Bounds for Higher-Order Probabilistic Programs","display_name":"Error Credits: Resourceful Reasoning about Error Bounds for Higher-Order Probabilistic Programs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401597069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073092626","display_name":"Alejandro Aguirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-2734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-2734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012595992","display_name":"Philipp G. Haselwarter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-7751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp G. Haselwarter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-7751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091004966","display_name":"Markus de Medeiros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3285-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus de Medeiros","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3285-5032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069949583","display_name":"Kwing Hei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-5720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwing Hei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-5720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075470273","display_name":"Simon Oddershede Gregersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Oddershede Gregersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073987903","display_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055959064","display_name":"Lars Birkedal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Birkedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9183833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"ICFP","first_page":"284","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.703091561794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6966334581375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-logic","display_name":"Separation logic","score":0.6419963836669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5488114356994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4341937303543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amortized-analysis","display_name":"Amortized analysis","score":0.4133559763431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3996780216693878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32481324672698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.2399015724658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1814020574092865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703091561794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6966334581375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173856430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3257964","display_name":"Separation logic","level":2,"score":0.6419963836669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5488114356994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4341937303543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142417499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331716","display_name":"Amortized analysis","level":3,"score":0.4133559763431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3996780216693878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32481324672698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2399015724658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1814020574092865}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/238b362d-5e39-4781-981f-4a19301207e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85201673272","pdf_url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/451742842/3674635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400063","display_name":"Scopus (Elsevier)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aguirre, A, Haselwarter, P G, De Medeiros, M, Li, K H, Gregersen, S O, Tassarotti, J & Birkedal, L 2024, 'Error Credits : Resourceful Reasoning about Error Bounds for Higher-Order Probabilistic Programs', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 8, 246. https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/238b362d-5e39-4781-981f-4a19301207e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/238b362d-5e39-4781-981f-4a19301207e1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aguirre, A, Haselwarter, P G, De Medeiros, M, Li, K H, Gregersen, S O, Tassarotti, J & Birkedal, L 2024, 'Error Credits : Resourceful Reasoning about Error Bounds for Higher-Order Probabilistic Programs', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 8, 246. https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1485883516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2225441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5961606246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101096090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851704783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G871816995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CF23-0791","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","funder_display_name":"Carlsbergfondet"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899382969","display_name":"Compositional Higher-Order Reasoning about Distributed Systems","funder_award_id":"101096090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","display_name":"Villum Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","display_name":"Carlsbergfondet","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpjmx04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72346910","https://openalex.org/W1482804486","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1964053266","https://openalex.org/W1975906542","https://openalex.org/W1998777945","https://openalex.org/W2052267638","https://openalex.org/W2068055184","https://openalex.org/W2071056578","https://openalex.org/W2105544671","https://openalex.org/W2141670510","https://openalex.org/W2147323041","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2222812367","https://openalex.org/W2228964661","https://openalex.org/W2408512871","https://openalex.org/W2462334487","https://openalex.org/W2562833768","https://openalex.org/W2757243080","https://openalex.org/W2767778696","https://openalex.org/W2768683713","https://openalex.org/W2785464537","https://openalex.org/W2860675612","https://openalex.org/W2899277098","https://openalex.org/W2901454403","https://openalex.org/W2927734285","https://openalex.org/W2962835979","https://openalex.org/W3046984529","https://openalex.org/W3049422318","https://openalex.org/W3103226540","https://openalex.org/W3104159150","https://openalex.org/W3122767180","https://openalex.org/W3122935293","https://openalex.org/W3123279312","https://openalex.org/W3166047986","https://openalex.org/W3194609232","https://openalex.org/W3215996134","https://openalex.org/W4220906786","https://openalex.org/W4293812585","https://openalex.org/W4315606091","https://openalex.org/W4318145701","https://openalex.org/W4372046852","https://openalex.org/W4379518563","https://openalex.org/W4386794382","https://openalex.org/W4390605180","https://openalex.org/W6892602032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W2165970356","https://openalex.org/W4233335757","https://openalex.org/W2757243080","https://openalex.org/W1424217719","https://openalex.org/W4250270300","https://openalex.org/W2786061344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probabilistic":[0],"programs":[1,70],"often":[2],"trade":[3],"accuracy":[4],"for":[5,25,63,68,131,183],"efficiency,":[6],"and":[7,123,127,149,199,224],"thus":[8],"may,":[9],"with":[10],"a":[11,59,87,100,111,165],"small":[12],"probability,":[13],"return":[14],"an":[15,73,93,103],"incorrect":[16],"result.":[17,105],"It":[18],"is":[19,80],"important":[20],"to":[21,39,50,178,196],"obtain":[22],"precise":[23,133],"bounds":[24,42,67,109,163],"the":[26,81,97,115,154,214,219,225],"probability":[27,41,66,98],"of":[28,83,117,156,167,202,207],"these":[29],"errors,":[30],"but":[31],"existing":[32],"verification":[33],"approaches":[34],"have":[35,210],"limitations":[36],"that":[37,43,91,99,186],"lead":[38],"error":[40,65,84,108,144,147,150,162],"are":[44],"excessively":[45],"coarse,":[46],"or":[47],"only":[48],"apply":[49],"first-order":[51],"programs.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper":[55],"we":[56,113,136],"present":[57],"Eris,":[58],"higher-order":[60,75],"separation":[61,88,118,221],"logic":[62,89,195,222],"proving":[64,160],"probabilistic":[69],"written":[71],"in":[72,172,213],"expressive":[74],"language.":[76],"Our":[77],"key":[78],"novelty":[79],"introduction":[82],"credits":[85],",":[86],"resource":[90],"tracks":[92],"upper":[94],"bound":[95],"on":[96,164],"program":[101,128],"returns":[102],"erroneous":[104],"By":[106],"representing":[107],"as":[110,142,189],"resource,":[112],"recover":[114],"benefits":[116],"logic,":[119],"including":[120,169],"compositionality,":[121],"modularity,":[122],"dependency":[124],"between":[125],"errors":[126],"terms,":[129],"allowing":[130],"more":[132,180],"specifications.":[134],"Moreover,":[135],"enable":[137],"novel":[138],"reasoning":[139],"principles":[140],"such":[141],"expectation-preserving":[143],"composition,":[145],"amortized":[146,161],"reasoning,":[148],"induction.":[151],"We":[152,191],"illustrate":[153],"advantages":[155],"our":[157,194,208],"approach":[158],"by":[159],"range":[166],"examples,":[168],"collision":[170],"probabilities":[171],"hash":[173],"functions,":[174],"which":[175],"allow":[176],"us":[177],"write":[179],"modular":[181],"specifications":[182],"data":[184],"structures":[185],"use":[187,193],"them":[188],"clients.":[190],"also":[192],"prove":[197],"correctness":[198],"almost-sure":[200],"termination":[201],"rejection":[203],"sampling":[204],"algorithms.":[205],"All":[206],"results":[209],"been":[211],"mechanized":[212],"Coq":[215],"proof":[216],"assistant":[217],"using":[218],"Iris":[220],"framework":[223],"Coquelicot":[226],"real":[227],"analysis":[228],"library.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
