{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401603148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","title":"Almost-Sure Termination by Guarded Refinement","display_name":"Almost-Sure Termination by Guarded Refinement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401603148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075470273","display_name":"Simon Oddershede Gregersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Oddershede Gregersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073092626","display_name":"Alejandro Aguirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-2734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-2734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012595992","display_name":"Philipp G. Haselwarter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-7751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp G. Haselwarter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-7751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073987903","display_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055959064","display_name":"Lars Birkedal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Birkedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6109,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7330567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"ICFP","first_page":"203","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursion","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","score":0.738311767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6782609820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6308008432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.589624285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46989771723747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.43702465295791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4102635681629181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3579365313053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32557857036590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09951454401016235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.738311767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6782609820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6308008432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.589624285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46989771723747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43702465295791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4102635681629181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3579365313053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32557857036590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09951454401016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c1eb4e5c-9559-44b4-8f0b-e10381bd2079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/c1eb4e5c-9559-44b4-8f0b-e10381bd2079","pdf_url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/451737580/3674632.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gregersen, S O, Aguirre, A, Haselwarter, P G, Tassarotti, J & Birkedal, L 2024, 'Almost-Sure Termination by Guarded Refinement', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 8, no. ICFP, 243, pp. 203-233. https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1485883516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2225441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5961606246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101096090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851704783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G871816995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CF23-0791","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","funder_display_name":"Carlsbergfondet"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899382969","display_name":"Compositional Higher-Order Reasoning about Distributed Systems","funder_award_id":"101096090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","display_name":"Villum Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321504","display_name":"Carlsbergfondet","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpjmx04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72346910","https://openalex.org/W174696255","https://openalex.org/W1482804486","https://openalex.org/W1595989212","https://openalex.org/W1605543919","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W1975906542","https://openalex.org/W2005059149","https://openalex.org/W2011086847","https://openalex.org/W2020900140","https://openalex.org/W2028861803","https://openalex.org/W2046006541","https://openalex.org/W2046213250","https://openalex.org/W2083374362","https://openalex.org/W2091188761","https://openalex.org/W2099844038","https://openalex.org/W2129054775","https://openalex.org/W2132181573","https://openalex.org/W2137628566","https://openalex.org/W2147323041","https://openalex.org/W2166496828","https://openalex.org/W2222812367","https://openalex.org/W2249132795","https://openalex.org/W2408512871","https://openalex.org/W2502922259","https://openalex.org/W2581223864","https://openalex.org/W2596582120","https://openalex.org/W2755806184","https://openalex.org/W2757243080","https://openalex.org/W2767778696","https://openalex.org/W2768683713","https://openalex.org/W2785464537","https://openalex.org/W2788983559","https://openalex.org/W2803490327","https://openalex.org/W2901454403","https://openalex.org/W2908549554","https://openalex.org/W2912723978","https://openalex.org/W2927734285","https://openalex.org/W2949578585","https://openalex.org/W2965667013","https://openalex.org/W3004733293","https://openalex.org/W3037762203","https://openalex.org/W3046984529","https://openalex.org/W3093678001","https://openalex.org/W3101768401","https://openalex.org/W3106280144","https://openalex.org/W3114212704","https://openalex.org/W3114930630","https://openalex.org/W3117045059","https://openalex.org/W3122767180","https://openalex.org/W3152724127","https://openalex.org/W3175711391","https://openalex.org/W3193902563","https://openalex.org/W4213248042","https://openalex.org/W4214593142","https://openalex.org/W4229652664","https://openalex.org/W4230556510","https://openalex.org/W4233762729","https://openalex.org/W4244638572","https://openalex.org/W4245807314","https://openalex.org/W4315606535","https://openalex.org/W4318145701","https://openalex.org/W4362659491","https://openalex.org/W4388717524","https://openalex.org/W4390605099","https://openalex.org/W4390605180","https://openalex.org/W4400499766","https://openalex.org/W6911257795","https://openalex.org/W6931651971","https://openalex.org/W7139033639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W1585994937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Almost-sure":[0],"termination":[1,47,110,117,225],"is":[2,189],"an":[3,87],"important":[4],"correctness":[5],"property":[6],"for":[7,19,29,39,48,60,78,145,212,241],"probabilistic":[8,50,100,151],"programs,":[9,174],"and":[10,62,97,161,238],"a":[11,68,94,98,104,114,141,159,162,233,239],"number":[12],"of":[13,57,70,119,138,168,183,197,219,226],"program":[14,96,121,160],"logics":[15,24],"have":[16,25,251],"been":[17,27,252],"developed":[18,28],"establishing":[20],"it.":[21],"However,":[22],"these":[23],"mostly":[26],"first-order":[30,230],"programs":[31,51],"written":[32],"in":[33,102,135,172,179,206,254],"languages":[34],"with":[35,52],"specific":[36],"syntactic":[37],"patterns":[38,170],"looping.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,133,220],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,84],"consider":[45],"almost-sure":[46,116,224],"higher-order":[49,95,142,173,246],"general":[53],"references.":[54],"This":[55],"combination":[56],"features":[58],"allows":[59],"recursion":[61,82,169,211],"looping":[63],"to":[64,153],"be":[65,124],"encoded":[66],"through":[67],"variety":[69],"patterns.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"rather":[73],"than":[74],"developing":[75],"proof":[76,257],"rules":[77],"reasoning":[79,157],"about":[80],"particular":[81,180],"patterns,":[83],"instead":[85],"propose":[86],"approach":[88,134,221],"based":[89],"on":[90,209],"proving":[91,113,146,223],"refinement":[92,108],"between":[93,158],"simpler":[99,129],"model,":[101],"such":[103],"way":[105],"that":[106,190,244],"the":[107,120,128,136,166,181,195,217,249,255],"preserves":[109],"behavior.":[111],"By":[112],"refinement,":[115],"behavior":[118],"can":[122],"then":[123],"established":[125],"by":[126,222],"analyzing":[127],"model.":[130,163],"We":[131,215],"present":[132],"form":[137],"Caliper":[139,149,175,191],",":[140],"separation":[143],"logic":[144],"terminationpreserving":[147],"refinements.":[148],"uses":[150,176,245],"couplings":[152],"carry":[154],"out":[155],"relational":[156],"To":[164],"handle":[165],"range":[167],"found":[171,205],"guarded":[177,210],"recursion,":[178],"principle":[182],"L\u00f6b":[184],"induction.":[185],"A":[186],"technical":[187,203],"novelty":[188],"does":[192],"not":[193],"require":[194],"use":[196],"transfinite":[198],"step":[199],"indexing":[200],"or":[201],"other":[202],"restrictions":[204],"prior":[207],"work":[208],"termination-preservation":[213],"refinement.":[214],"demonstrate":[216],"flexibility":[218],"several":[227],"examples,":[228],"including":[229],"loop":[231],"constructs,":[232],"random":[234],"list":[235],"generator,":[236],"treaps,":[237],"sampler":[240],"Galton-Watson":[242],"trees":[243],"store.":[247],"All":[248],"results":[250],"mechanized":[253],"Coq":[256],"assistant.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}