{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400798855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3671016.3671391","title":"An Exploratory Study on God Header Files in Open-Source C Projects","display_name":"An Exploratory Study on God Header Files in Open-Source C Projects","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400798855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3671016.3671391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3671016.3671391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3671016.3671391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100517298","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7116-0086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7116-0086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102694827","display_name":"Wenhui Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8617-8925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012254743","display_name":"Yanzhen Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1764-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhen Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1764-6645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102928967","display_name":"Bing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-2575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-2575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100517298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86066038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"477","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.800501823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.7887313365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6395010352134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.6071503162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.482455313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4550893306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.37731456756591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29618406295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13383883237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11252227425575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.06735658645629883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.800501823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.7887313365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6395010352134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.6071503162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.482455313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4550893306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.37731456756591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29618406295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13383883237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11252227425575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06735658645629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3671016.3671391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3671016.3671391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4475599318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0110303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W982742101","https://openalex.org/W1511637839","https://openalex.org/W1709483371","https://openalex.org/W1988997230","https://openalex.org/W2021680759","https://openalex.org/W2027203221","https://openalex.org/W2046263206","https://openalex.org/W2049055220","https://openalex.org/W2087450238","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2137659640","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2156809486","https://openalex.org/W2163901392","https://openalex.org/W2164998314","https://openalex.org/W2166492919","https://openalex.org/W2171383742","https://openalex.org/W2508309691","https://openalex.org/W2593947001","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2945827377","https://openalex.org/W2947451247","https://openalex.org/W2992637808","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3101553402","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4238818461","https://openalex.org/W4244075810","https://openalex.org/W4280612166","https://openalex.org/W4296510193","https://openalex.org/W4400798855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W166480398","https://openalex.org/W1612808768","https://openalex.org/W167327709","https://openalex.org/W1977393088","https://openalex.org/W4387839566","https://openalex.org/W4210922265","https://openalex.org/W2491403535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"God":[0,4,35,56,105,130,138,146,169,178,208,229],"Header":[1,36,131,139,147,170,209,230],"Files,":[2,132],"like":[3],"Classes,":[5],"pose":[6],"difficulties":[7],"in":[8,16,38,44,199,219],"code":[9,17,85],"understanding":[10],"and":[11,28,53,66,76,89,103,177,215],"lead":[12],"to":[13,33,185,196,227,237],"slow":[14],"compilation":[15],"evolution.":[18],"However,":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21,223],"little":[22],"empirical":[23],"evidence":[24],"on":[25,51,81],"their":[26,47,77],"prevalence":[27],"impact.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31,115,203],"aims":[32],"investigate":[34],"Files":[37,148,171,210,231],"open-source":[39,71],"C":[40,72],"language":[41,73],"software":[42,74,189,220],"projects,":[43],"terms":[45],"of":[46,113,123,143,153,157,165,207],"size,":[48,86],"distribution,":[49],"impact":[50],"compilation,":[52],"whether":[54],"existing":[55,104],"Class":[57,106,179],"refactoring":[58,107,180],"approaches":[59],"can":[60,116,216],"decompose":[61],"them":[62],"effectively.":[63],"We":[64],"collected":[65],"quantitatively":[67],"analyzed":[68],"557":[69],"popular":[70],"projects":[75,126,135],"commit":[78],"histories,":[79],"focusing":[80],"files":[82,98],"with":[83,133,172],"large":[84],"wide":[87],"impact,":[88],"frequent":[90],"modifications.":[91],"Then":[92],"we":[93],"decomposed":[94],"several":[95],"typical":[96],"header":[97],"using":[99],"graph":[100,174],"clustering":[101,175],"algorithms":[102,176,235],"methods.":[108],"The":[109],"most":[110],"important":[111],"results":[112],"our":[114],"be":[117,197,217,238],"summarized":[118],"as":[119],"follows:":[120],"(1)":[121],"37.5%":[122],"the":[124,144,158,200,205],"studied":[125],"are":[127,213],"affected":[128],"by":[129],"203":[134],"having":[136],"649":[137],"Files;":[140],"(2)":[141],"103":[142],"identified":[145],"have":[149],"been":[150],"modified":[151],"hundreds":[152],"times,":[154],"while":[155],"95%":[156],"modifications":[159],"only":[160],"involve":[161],"a":[162,192],"small":[163],"proportion":[164],"code.":[166],"(3)":[167],"Decomposing":[168],"generic":[173],"methods":[181],"could":[182],"reduce":[183],"recompilation":[184],"some":[186],"extent":[187],"during":[188],"evolution,":[190],"but":[191,232],"new":[193],"solution":[194],"needs":[195],"proposed":[198],"future.":[201],"Our":[202],"highlights":[204],"importance":[206],"since":[211],"they":[212],"widespread":[214],"harmful":[218],"maintenance.":[221],"Decomposition":[222],"an":[224],"effective":[225],"way":[226],"refactor":[228],"better":[233],"decomposing":[234],"need":[236],"proposed.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}