{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407197262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228","title":"UniZK: Accelerating Zero-Knowledge Proof with Unified Hardware and Flexible Kernel Mapping","display_name":"UniZK: Accelerating Zero-Knowledge Proof with Unified Hardware and Flexible Kernel Mapping","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407197262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3669940.3707228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5563-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, &amp; Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Core Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, &amp; Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Core Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297396","display_name":"Mingyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-7281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China, &amp; Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Core Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China, &amp; Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Core Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97974788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1101","last_page":"1117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6810928583145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6776707172393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.6481688618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5691500306129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.5309296250343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36468034982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2984975576400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2280246913433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.12391597032546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12384092807769775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6810928583145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6776707172393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.6481688618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5691500306129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.5309296250343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36468034982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2984975576400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2280246913433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12391597032546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12384092807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3669940.3707228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3669940.3707228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3669940.3707228","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592482282","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W2325556328","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2883929540","https://openalex.org/W2935331687","https://openalex.org/W2990120385","https://openalex.org/W3094406919","https://openalex.org/W3165659700","https://openalex.org/W3190062760","https://openalex.org/W3206453033","https://openalex.org/W3207326900","https://openalex.org/W3213528054","https://openalex.org/W4200304580","https://openalex.org/W4210631930","https://openalex.org/W4281609193","https://openalex.org/W4281792301","https://openalex.org/W4293025165","https://openalex.org/W4318541683","https://openalex.org/W4380081638","https://openalex.org/W4380874786","https://openalex.org/W4394871781","https://openalex.org/W4401599157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870614684","https://openalex.org/W194387157","https://openalex.org/W2000850689","https://openalex.org/W59628553","https://openalex.org/W1483984920","https://openalex.org/W2376228871","https://openalex.org/W3021720713","https://openalex.org/W4406460655","https://openalex.org/W2952570804","https://openalex.org/W4402375269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-knowledge":[0],"proof":[1],"(ZKP)":[2],"is":[3,90,98,190],"an":[4],"important":[5],"cryptographic":[6],"tool":[7],"that":[8,41,70,97],"sees":[9],"wide":[10],"applications":[11],"in":[12,106],"real-world":[13],"scenarios":[14],"where":[15],"privacy":[16],"must":[17],"be":[18,72],"protected,":[19],"including":[20,160],"privacy-preserving":[21],"blockchains":[22],"and":[23,34,108,145,166,173,182,189],"zero-knowledge":[24],"machine":[25],"learning.":[26],"Existing":[27],"ZKP":[28,49,133,196],"acceleration":[29],"approaches":[30],"using":[31,198],"GPUs,":[32],"FPGAs,":[33],"ASICs":[35],"focus":[36],"only":[37],"on":[38,43,52,176],"classic":[39],"protocols":[40,50],"rely":[42],"expensive":[44],"elliptic":[45],"curve":[46],"arithmetics.":[47],"Emerging":[48],"based":[51],"hash":[53,164],"functions":[54],"can":[55],"greatly":[56],"reduce":[57],"the":[58,103,180,186],"algorithmic":[59],"complexity,":[60],"but":[61],"they":[62],"also":[63,191],"introduce":[64],"much":[65],"more":[66],"diverse":[67,158],"computation":[68],"kernels":[69,118,159],"cannot":[71],"efficiently":[73,101],"handled":[74],"by":[75],"a":[76,93,132,136,146],"single":[77],"accelerator":[78],"chip":[79],"if":[80],"dedicated":[81],"units":[82],"for":[83],"each":[84],"kernel":[85],"are":[86],"used.":[87],"Our":[88],"approach":[89],"to":[91,100,114,119,156,179],"leverage":[92],"unified":[94],"hardware":[95,121,138],"architecture":[96,139],"able":[99],"support":[102,157],"common":[104],"primitives":[105],"ZKP,":[107],"then":[109],"use":[110],"smart":[111],"mapping":[112,154],"strategies":[113,155],"flexibly":[115],"map":[116],"various":[117],"such":[120,131],"while":[122],"ensuring":[123],"high":[124],"resource":[125],"utilization.":[126],"We":[127,151],"design":[128],"UniZK":[129,170],"as":[130],"accelerator,":[134],"with":[135,141],"systolic-array-based":[137],"enhanced":[140],"extra":[142],"local":[143],"links":[144],"new":[147],"vector":[148],"processing":[149],"mode.":[150],"propose":[152],"novel":[153],"number":[161],"theoretic":[162],"transforms,":[163],"functions,":[165],"general":[167],"polynomial":[168],"computations.":[169],"provides":[171],"97x":[172],"46x":[174],"speedups":[175],"average":[177],"compared":[178],"CPU":[181],"GPU":[183],"implementations":[184],"of":[185],"same":[187],"protocols,":[188],"840x":[192],"faster":[193],"than":[194],"previous":[195],"accelerators":[197],"different":[199],"protocols.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
