{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403443962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699339","title":"AdaShadow: Responsive Test-time Model Adaptation in Non-stationary Mobile Environments","display_name":"AdaShadow: Responsive Test-time Model Adaptation in Non-stationary Mobile Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403443962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3666025.3699339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699339","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3666025.3699339","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3666025.3699339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415795","display_name":"Cheng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8131-6178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684828","display_name":"Sicong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-1260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011140675","display_name":"Zimu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-6967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zimu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101912335","display_name":"Bin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017336916","display_name":"Jiaqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1251-0825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084877999","display_name":"Ke Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-9955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701166","display_name":"Zhiwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-3238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101415795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88379498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"295","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8518946170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6942083239555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5528879165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5131893754005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4975569546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4831933081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4672163724899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.46181854605674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43691790103912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3458089232444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3160150349140167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.18545427918434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11899670958518982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8518946170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6942083239555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5528879165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5131893754005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4975569546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4831933081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4672163724899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.46181854605674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43691790103912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3458089232444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3160150349140167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.18545427918434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11899670958518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3666025.3699339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699339","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3666025.3699339","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.08256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08256","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.08256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-148961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-148961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3666025.3699339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666025.3699339","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3666025.3699339","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G310112824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3348728029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6247074224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4569554029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9610633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5234003022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6259817347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6202520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8547503138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8718608543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319065","display_name":"Aromatic Plant Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05eebgw43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403443962.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025625652","https://openalex.org/W2060964919","https://openalex.org/W2081379617","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2399515266","https://openalex.org/W2489529491","https://openalex.org/W2517869808","https://openalex.org/W2565122964","https://openalex.org/W2770645414","https://openalex.org/W2906647810","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963251476","https://openalex.org/W2963826694","https://openalex.org/W2964958129","https://openalex.org/W2981512393","https://openalex.org/W2998083796","https://openalex.org/W3000141907","https://openalex.org/W3012479151","https://openalex.org/W3040572086","https://openalex.org/W3086105743","https://openalex.org/W3110923198","https://openalex.org/W3148694952","https://openalex.org/W3165698711","https://openalex.org/W3176828726","https://openalex.org/W3197017665","https://openalex.org/W3206867815","https://openalex.org/W3215113235","https://openalex.org/W4282960063","https://openalex.org/W4282974189","https://openalex.org/W4283712390","https://openalex.org/W4293210321","https://openalex.org/W4294891997","https://openalex.org/W4301361180","https://openalex.org/W4306178406","https://openalex.org/W4312365002","https://openalex.org/W4312681979","https://openalex.org/W4312897837","https://openalex.org/W4313025443","https://openalex.org/W4362473790","https://openalex.org/W4380925616","https://openalex.org/W4380928745","https://openalex.org/W4383704293","https://openalex.org/W4386071633","https://openalex.org/W4387010008","https://openalex.org/W4387092277","https://openalex.org/W4387212331","https://openalex.org/W4387212477","https://openalex.org/W4387212650","https://openalex.org/W4387212737","https://openalex.org/W4388092572","https://openalex.org/W4388750421","https://openalex.org/W4390813640","https://openalex.org/W4390872947","https://openalex.org/W4395683288","https://openalex.org/W4399213702","https://openalex.org/W4402660123","https://openalex.org/W6910962156","https://openalex.org/W6948266939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2097707447","https://openalex.org/W3128807919","https://openalex.org/W3176411177","https://openalex.org/W2149404148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On-device":[0],"adapting":[1],"to":[2,18,127,136,162,191,205],"continual,":[3],"unpredictable":[4],"domain":[5],"shifts":[6],"is":[7,90],"essential":[8],"for":[9,73,138,148],"mobile":[10,62,75],"applications":[11],"like":[12],"autonomous":[13],"driving":[14],"and":[15,78,98,108,144,184,202],"augmented":[16],"reality":[17],"deliver":[19],"seamless":[20],"user":[21],"experiences":[22],"in":[23,60,92,104,141,166],"evolving":[24],"environments.":[25],"Test-time":[26],"adaptation":[27,71],"(TTA)":[28],"emerges":[29],"as":[30,110,112],"a":[31,68,124,132,156,189,203],"promising":[32],"solution":[33],"by":[34],"tuning":[35],"model":[36],"parameters":[37],"with":[38,123,199,213],"unlabeled":[39],"live":[40],"data":[41,76],"immediately":[42],"before":[43],"prediction.":[44],"However,":[45],"TTA's":[46,96],"unique":[47,102],"forward-backward-reforward":[48],"pipeline":[49],"notably":[50],"increases":[51],"the":[52,58,88,114,167,174],"latency":[53,142,165],"over":[54,195,209],"standard":[55],"inference,":[56],"undermining":[57],"responsiveness":[59],"time-sensitive":[61],"applications.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"presents":[66,101],"AdaShadow,":[67],"responsive":[69],"test-time":[70],"framework":[72],"non-stationary":[74],"distribution":[77],"resource":[79,139],"dynamics":[80,140],"via":[81],"selective":[82],"updates":[83],"of":[84],"adaptation-critical":[85],"layers.":[86],"Although":[87],"tactic":[89],"recognized":[91],"generic":[93],"on-device":[94],"training,":[95],"unsupervised":[97],"online":[99,146],"context":[100],"challenges":[103,122],"estimating":[105],"layer":[106,116,150],"importance":[107],"latency,":[109],"well":[111],"scheduling":[113],"optimal":[115],"update":[117,151],"plan.":[118],"AdaShadow":[119,154,172],"addresses":[120],"these":[121],"backpropagation-free":[125],"assessor":[126],"rapidly":[128],"identify":[129],"critical":[130],"layers,":[131],"unit-based":[133],"runtime":[134],"predictor":[135],"account":[137],"estimation,":[143],"an":[145],"scheduler":[147],"prompt":[149],"planning.":[152],"Also,":[153],"incorporates":[155],"memory":[157,183],"I/O-aware":[158],"computation":[159],"reuse":[160],"scheme":[161],"further":[163],"reduce":[164],"reforwardpass.":[168],"Results":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"achieves":[173],"best":[175],"accuracy-latency":[176],"balance":[177],"under":[178],"continual":[179],"shifts.":[180],"At":[181],"low":[182],"energy":[185],"costs,":[186],"Adashadow":[187],"provides":[188],"2x":[190],"3.5x":[192],"speedup":[193],"(ms-level)":[194],"state-of-the-art":[196],"TTA":[197],"methods":[198,212],"comparable":[200],"accuracy":[201,207],"14.8%":[204],"25.4%":[206],"boost":[208],"efficient":[210],"supervised":[211],"similar":[214],"latency.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2024-10-16T00:00:00"}
