{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396927785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664808","title":"A Tale of Two Comprehensions? Analyzing Student Programmer Attention during Code Summarization","display_name":"A Tale of Two Comprehensions? Analyzing Student Programmer Attention during Code Summarization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396927785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664808","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664808","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057662526","display_name":"Zachary Karas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-8794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Karas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-8794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006683167","display_name":"Aakash Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-7899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aakash Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-7899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376917","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-772X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-772X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007240808","display_name":"Toby Jia-Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-7625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-7625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084874990","display_name":"Collin McMillan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0887-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin McMillan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0887-1083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055069752","display_name":"Yu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-5077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8953,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96765337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"7","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.860397219657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.8438748717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.8310562968254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4729875326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4557371735572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.14229273796081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.860397219657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.8438748717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.8310562968254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4729875326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4557371735572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.14229273796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664808","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664808","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396927785.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8870360","https://openalex.org/W1480004484","https://openalex.org/W1571689097","https://openalex.org/W1901145490","https://openalex.org/W1969028368","https://openalex.org/W1978755715","https://openalex.org/W1980767016","https://openalex.org/W1989184611","https://openalex.org/W1999284448","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2015480071","https://openalex.org/W2015831141","https://openalex.org/W2020096180","https://openalex.org/W2020895313","https://openalex.org/W2027782226","https://openalex.org/W2034688095","https://openalex.org/W2035530978","https://openalex.org/W2057246065","https://openalex.org/W2061152427","https://openalex.org/W2079887492","https://openalex.org/W2081749632","https://openalex.org/W2082160726","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2109600226","https://openalex.org/W2113610359","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2136296681","https://openalex.org/W2151665713","https://openalex.org/W2153076044","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2171312207","https://openalex.org/W2172081417","https://openalex.org/W2362779523","https://openalex.org/W2604452528","https://openalex.org/W2606444700","https://openalex.org/W2616911396","https://openalex.org/W2782000077","https://openalex.org/W2808332736","https://openalex.org/W2892789114","https://openalex.org/W2901906937","https://openalex.org/W2922214032","https://openalex.org/W2928893288","https://openalex.org/W2947430838","https://openalex.org/W2955730880","https://openalex.org/W2956971785","https://openalex.org/W2963126988","https://openalex.org/W2963499994","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W3018933895","https://openalex.org/W3022580834","https://openalex.org/W3034395771","https://openalex.org/W3034689979","https://openalex.org/W3042730548","https://openalex.org/W3044696186","https://openalex.org/W3085058284","https://openalex.org/W3086449553","https://openalex.org/W3089515198","https://openalex.org/W3091248061","https://openalex.org/W3098502934","https://openalex.org/W3104578449","https://openalex.org/W3119409876","https://openalex.org/W3126162568","https://openalex.org/W3161285349","https://openalex.org/W3196174659","https://openalex.org/W3216651985","https://openalex.org/W4214548153","https://openalex.org/W4214843451","https://openalex.org/W4246299190","https://openalex.org/W4254177266","https://openalex.org/W4283382363","https://openalex.org/W4284704125","https://openalex.org/W4288375693","https://openalex.org/W4289222864","https://openalex.org/W4296660230","https://openalex.org/W4309210948","https://openalex.org/W4313185449","https://openalex.org/W4377971494","https://openalex.org/W4388483413","https://openalex.org/W6600367688","https://openalex.org/W6745034332","https://openalex.org/W7024715436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W2351187795","https://openalex.org/W622882839","https://openalex.org/W2185017216","https://openalex.org/W2016345697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"summarization":[1],"is":[2,15,50,71,87,196],"the":[3,140,177],"task":[4],"of":[5,11,19,26,78,91,185],"creating":[6],"short,":[7],"natural":[8],"language":[9],"descriptions":[10],"source":[12,203],"code.":[13,204],"It":[14],"an":[16],"important":[17],"part":[18],"code":[20,39,61,79,159,168],"comprehension":[21,80,141,160],"and":[22,83,114,149,166],"a":[23,52,68,88,104],"powerful":[24],"method":[25],"documentation.":[27],"Previous":[28],"work":[29],"has":[30],"made":[31],"progress":[32],"in":[33,38,54,136,144,161],"identifying":[34],"where":[35],"programmers":[36],"focus":[37],"as":[40,58],"they":[41,59],"write":[42],"their":[43,127],"own":[44],"summaries":[45,64],"(i.e.,":[46,65,130],"Writing).":[47],"However,":[48],"there":[49,86],"currently":[51,72],"gap":[53],"studying":[55],"programmers\u2019":[56,118,173],"attention":[57,93,119,128,138],"read":[60],"with":[62,94,103,120,200],"pre-written":[63],"Reading).":[66],"As":[67],"result,":[69],"it":[70],"unknown":[73],"how":[74],"these":[75,101],"two":[76],"forms":[77],"compare:":[81],"Reading":[82,113],"Writing.":[84,115],"Also,":[85],"limited":[89],"understanding":[90],"programmer":[92,137],"respect":[95,121],"to":[96,122,181],"program":[97,124],"semantics.":[98],"We":[99,116,133,188],"address":[100],"shortcomings":[102],"human":[105,186],"eye-tracking":[106],"study":[107],"(":[108],"n":[109],"=":[110],"27)":[111],"comparing":[112],"examined":[117],"fine-grained":[123],"semantics,":[125],"including":[126],"sequences":[129],"scan":[131],"paths).":[132],"find":[134,189],"distinctions":[135],"across":[139],"tasks,":[142],"similarities":[143],"reading":[145],"patterns":[146],"between":[147],"them,":[148],"differences":[150],"mediated":[151],"by":[152],"demographic":[153],"factors.":[154],"This":[155],"can":[156],"help":[157],"guide":[158],"both":[162],"computer":[163],"science":[164],"education":[165],"automated":[167],"summarization.":[169],"Furthermore,":[170],"we":[171],"mapped":[172],"gaze":[174],"data":[175],"onto":[176],"Abstract":[178],"Syntax":[179],"Tree":[180],"explore":[182],"another":[183],"representation":[184],"attention.":[187],"that":[190,201],"visual":[191],"behavior":[192],"on":[193,202],"this":[194],"structure":[195],"not":[197],"always":[198],"consistent":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
