{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400977487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3671411","title":"Towards Availability of Strong Authentication in Remote and Disruption-Prone Operational Technology Environments","display_name":"Towards Availability of Strong Authentication in Remote and Disruption-Prone Operational Technology Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400977487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3671411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3671411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3671411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Towards_Availability_of_Strong_Authentication_in_Remote_and_Disruption-Prone_Operational_Technology_Environments/26828875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050394662","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Nosouhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6959-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Nosouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090563946","display_name":"Zubair Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077501988","display_name":"Robin Doss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Doss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054544231","display_name":"Divyans Mahansaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-6110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divyans Mahansaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061159860","display_name":"Debi Prasad Pati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debi Prasad Pati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019765014","display_name":"Praveen Gauravaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142080","display_name":"Services Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gwaxw53","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210142080","https://openalex.org/I4210163987"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Gauravaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045991464","display_name":"Lei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-8330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017825429","display_name":"Keshav Sood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Sood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Australia and Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre (CSCRC), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050394662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09356111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5800012946128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5487974882125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35867658257484436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800012946128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5487974882125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35867658257484436}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3671411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3671411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26828875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Towards_Availability_of_Strong_Authentication_in_Remote_and_Disruption-Prone_Operational_Technology_Environments/26828875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26828875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Towards_Availability_of_Strong_Authentication_in_Remote_and_Disruption-Prone_Operational_Technology_Environments/26828875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009429512","https://openalex.org/W2254160488","https://openalex.org/W2513374167","https://openalex.org/W2809727329","https://openalex.org/W3128032258","https://openalex.org/W3129371464","https://openalex.org/W4206497059","https://openalex.org/W4230238643","https://openalex.org/W4283655927","https://openalex.org/W4285195112","https://openalex.org/W4385692020","https://openalex.org/W6879654269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implementing":[0],"strong":[1,153],"authentication":[2,81,114,155,175],"methods":[3,82],"in":[4,56,90,185],"a":[5,57,78,107],"network":[6,17,24,71,75],"requires":[7],"stable":[8],"connectivity":[9],"between":[10],"the":[11,16,23,29,38,42,66,70,164,173,182,196,199],"service":[12],"providers":[13],"deployed":[14,55,163],"within":[15],"(i.e.,":[18],"applications":[19],"that":[20],"users":[21],"of":[22,41,69,172,190,198],"need":[25],"to":[26,50,73,97,109,142,169],"access)":[27],"and":[28,31,83,193],"Identity":[30],"Access":[32],"Management":[33],"(IAM)":[34],"server":[35,133],"located":[36],"at":[37],"core":[39,67],"segment":[40,68],"network.":[43],"This":[44],"becomes":[45],"challenging":[46],"when":[47],"it":[48],"comes":[49],"Operational":[51],"Technology":[52],"(OT)":[53],"systems":[54],"remote":[58],"area,":[59],"as":[60],"they":[61],"often":[62],"get":[63],"disconnected":[64],"from":[65],"owing":[72],"unavoidable":[74],"disruptions.":[76],"As":[77],"result,":[79],"weak":[80],"shared":[84],"credential":[85],"approaches":[86],"are":[87,139],"still":[88],"adopted":[89],"these":[91],"OT":[92,118],"environments,":[93],"exposing":[94],"system":[95],"vulnerabilities":[96],"increasingly":[98],"sophisticated":[99],"cyber":[100],"threats.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"work,":[104],"we":[105,180],"propose":[106],"solution":[108,122,184],"enable":[110],"highly":[111],"available":[112],"multi-factor":[113],"(MFA)":[115],"services":[116],"for":[117,134],"environments.":[119],"The":[120,137,188],"proposed":[121,174,200],"is":[123],"based":[124],"on":[125],"Proof-of-Possession":[126],"(PoP)":[127],"tokens":[128,138],"generated":[129],"by":[130],"an":[131],"IAM":[132],"registered":[135],"users.":[136],"securely":[140],"linked":[141],"user-specific":[143],"parameters":[144],"(e.g.,":[145],"physical":[146],"security":[147,171],"keys,":[148],"biometrics,":[149],"PIN,":[150],"etc.),":[151],"enabling":[152],"user":[154],"(during":[156],"disconnection":[157],"time)":[158],"through":[159],"token":[160],"validation.":[161],"We":[162],"Tamarin":[165],"Prover":[166],"software-based":[167],"toolkit":[168],"verify":[170],"scheme.":[176],"For":[177],"performance":[178],"evaluation,":[179],"implemented":[181],"designed":[183],"real-world":[186],"settings.":[187],"results":[189],"our":[191],"analysis":[192],"experiments":[194],"confirm":[195],"efficacy":[197],"solution.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
