{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400976672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3664495","title":"Combinatorial Testing Methods for Reverse Engineering Undocumented CAN Bus Functionality","display_name":"Combinatorial Testing Methods for Reverse Engineering Undocumented CAN Bus Functionality","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400976672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3664495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3664495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3664495","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664476.3664495?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664476.3664495?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092890372","display_name":"Christoph Wech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9701-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Wech","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBA Research, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9701-8614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBA Research, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105094224","display_name":"Reinhard Kugler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Kugler","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBA Research, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1098-3858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBA Research, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004568308","display_name":"Manuel Leithner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-1668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Leithner","raw_affiliation_strings":["MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-1668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MATRIS Research Group, SBA Research, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009370086","display_name":"Dimitris E. Simos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167190","display_name":"SBA Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nny6x17","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris E. Simos","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBA Research, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-1924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBA Research, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6532975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6978378295898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.5449463725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.350772500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20948216319084167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6978378295898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.5449463725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.350772500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20948216319084167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3664495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3664495","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664476.3664495?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3664495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3664495","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664476.3664495?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400976672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400976672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2518208562","https://openalex.org/W2606400876","https://openalex.org/W2621104980","https://openalex.org/W2883599316","https://openalex.org/W2901436714","https://openalex.org/W2901447795","https://openalex.org/W2949242446","https://openalex.org/W2990188275","https://openalex.org/W3047023873","https://openalex.org/W3047496865","https://openalex.org/W3191973571","https://openalex.org/W4213065658","https://openalex.org/W4283795544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2363831530","https://openalex.org/W2363845219","https://openalex.org/W2381057835","https://openalex.org/W1789649838","https://openalex.org/W1780668307","https://openalex.org/W1984362519","https://openalex.org/W2051831113","https://openalex.org/W2650054517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"vehicles":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"cars,":[4],"ships,":[5],"and":[6,32,120],"planes":[7],"are":[8,123],"increasingly":[9],"managed":[10],"using":[11,90,95],"Electronic":[12],"Control":[13],"Units":[14],"(ECUs)":[15],"that":[16,103],"communicate":[17],"over":[18],"a":[19,86],"Controller":[20],"Area":[21],"Network":[22],"(CAN)":[23],"bus.":[24],"While":[25],"this":[26,81,83,104],"approach":[27,89],"offers":[28],"enhanced":[29],"functionality,":[30,111],"efficiency,":[31],"robustness,":[33],"it":[34],"may":[35],"also":[36],"be":[37,126],"used":[38],"for":[39,108],"unforeseen":[40],"or":[41,77],"malicious":[42],"purposes":[43],"ranging":[44],"from":[45],"aftermarket":[46],"modifications":[47],"to":[48,56,63,125],"full-fledged":[49],"attacks":[50],"threatening":[51],"passengers\u2019":[52],"safety.":[53],"The":[54],"ability":[55],"conduct":[57],"in-depth":[58],"tests":[59],"is":[60,75,106],"thus":[61],"vital":[62],"protect":[64],"against":[65],"these":[66],"issues.":[67],"However,":[68],"much":[69],"of":[70,73,117],"the":[71,115],"functionality":[72],"ECUs":[74],"proprietary":[76],"undocumented.":[78],"To":[79],"alleviate":[80],"obstacle,":[82],"work":[84],"presents":[85],"reverse":[87],"engineering":[88],"high-coverage":[91],"test":[92],"sets":[93],"produced":[94],"Combinatorial":[96],"Testing":[97],"(CT)":[98],"methods.":[99],"Our":[100],"results":[101],"indicate":[102],"technique":[105],"promising":[107],"exciting":[109],"unknown":[110],"although":[112],"challenges":[113],"regarding":[114],"presence":[116],"hidden":[118],"state":[119],"high-accuracy":[121],"oracles":[122],"yet":[124],"overcome.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}