{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396573684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663481","title":"Analyzing Robustness of Automatic Scientific Claim Verification Tools against Adversarial Rephrasing Attacks","display_name":"Analyzing Robustness of Automatic Scientific Claim Verification Tools against Adversarial Rephrasing Attacks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396573684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663481","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663481","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046439802","display_name":"Janet Layne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-5599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Layne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-5599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034305307","display_name":"Qudrat E Alahy Ratul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qudrat E. Alahy Ratul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-6302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009094578","display_name":"Edoardo Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-5063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010727123","display_name":"Sushil Jajodia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushil Jajodia","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-558X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90171208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8989869356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8557341694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8216710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7411851286888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6215644478797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-accusation","display_name":"False accusation","score":0.5480700135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5263651013374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.4677313268184662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43826931715011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36381661891937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16972774267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.14973655343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.098492830991745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8989869356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8557341694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8216710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7411851286888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6215644478797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.5480700135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5263651013374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.4677313268184662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43826931715011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36381661891937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16972774267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.14973655343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.098492830991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663481","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663481","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G676520704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1822094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8720358549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-18-1-2670 and N00014-23-1-2132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396573684.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602368597","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W1967390364","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2048587526","https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2596142952","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W2781528640","https://openalex.org/W2788496822","https://openalex.org/W2798665661","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2949128310","https://openalex.org/W2950734153","https://openalex.org/W2962718684","https://openalex.org/W2962818281","https://openalex.org/W2963029083","https://openalex.org/W2963126845","https://openalex.org/W2963846996","https://openalex.org/W2963961878","https://openalex.org/W2963969878","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970482702","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W2996851481","https://openalex.org/W3035507081","https://openalex.org/W3037234229","https://openalex.org/W3099977667","https://openalex.org/W3101449015","https://openalex.org/W3104423855","https://openalex.org/W3115540322","https://openalex.org/W3134968670","https://openalex.org/W3209527742","https://openalex.org/W4220892636","https://openalex.org/W4224920313","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4248523071","https://openalex.org/W4287854917","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4307112907","https://openalex.org/W4365601444","https://openalex.org/W4382202524","https://openalex.org/W4385567173","https://openalex.org/W6891813416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081379046","https://openalex.org/W2100028027","https://openalex.org/W4304145139","https://openalex.org/W4310502242","https://openalex.org/W3198351040","https://openalex.org/W2994676997","https://openalex.org/W3134802290","https://openalex.org/W4321198019","https://openalex.org/W4320021575","https://openalex.org/W1989258207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,114],"coronavirus":[1],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3],"fostered":[4],"an":[5,167],"explosion":[6],"of":[7,17,52,60,79,92,143,159,187,201],"misinformation":[8,32],"about":[9,49],"the":[10,13,41,50,58,77,90,108,133,137,141,144,160,185,188,199],"disease,":[11],"including":[12],"risk":[14,67],"and":[15,57,75,99,179,194],"effectiveness":[16],"vaccination.":[18],"AI":[19,53],"tools":[20,72,98,162],"for":[21,96],"automatic":[22,61],"Scientific":[23],"Claim":[24],"Verification":[25],"(SCV)":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"crucial":[29],"to":[30,54,122,175],"defeat":[31],"campaigns":[33],"spreading":[34],"through":[35],"social":[36],"media":[37],"channels.":[38],"However,":[39],"over":[40],"past":[42],"years,":[43],"many":[44,157],"concerns":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"raised":[48],"robustness":[51],"adversarial":[55,94,111,117],"attacks,":[56],"field":[59],"SCV":[62,71,97,161],"is":[63,68,103,139,147,154,173],"not":[64],"exempt.":[65],"that":[69,101,172],"such":[70],"may":[73],"reinforce":[74],"legitimize":[76],"spread":[78],"fake":[80],"scientific":[81],"claims":[82,127],"rather":[83],"than":[84,107],"refute":[85],"them.":[86],"This":[87],"article":[88],"investigates":[89],"problem":[91],"generating":[93],"attacks":[95,181],"shows":[100],"it":[102],"far":[104],"more":[105,177],"difficult":[106],"generic":[109],"NLP":[110,116],"attack":[112,118,170,207],"problem.":[113],"current":[115],"generators,":[119],"when":[120,136],"applied":[121],"SCV,":[123],"often":[124],"generate":[125,176],"modified":[126],"with":[128,205],"entirely":[129],"different":[130],"meaning":[131,138],"from":[132],"original.":[134],"Even":[135],"preserved,":[140],"modification":[142],"generated":[145],"claim":[146],"too":[148],"simplistic":[149],"(only":[150],"a":[151],"single":[152],"word":[153],"changed),":[155],"leaving":[156],"weaknesses":[158],"undiscovered.":[163],"We":[164],"propose":[165],"T5-ParEvo,":[166],"iterative":[168],"evolutionary":[169],"generator,":[171],"able":[174],"complex":[178],"creative":[180],"while":[182],"better":[183],"preserving":[184],"semantics":[186],"original":[189],"claim.":[190],"Using":[191],"detailed":[192],"quantitative":[193],"qualitative":[195],"analyses,":[196],"we":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"efficacy":[200],"T5-ParEvo":[202],"in":[203],"comparison":[204],"existing":[206],"generators.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}