{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399853665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663338.3663678","title":"Invited Paper: Blockchain Governance and Liquid Democracy -- Quantifying Decentralization in Gitcoin and Internet Computer","display_name":"Invited Paper: Blockchain Governance and Liquid Democracy -- Quantifying Decentralization in Gitcoin and Internet Computer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399853665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663338.3663678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663338.3663678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663338.3663678","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663338.3663678","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Advanced Tools, Programming Languages, and PLatforms for Implementing and Evaluating algorithms for Distributed systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663338.3663678","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066080641","display_name":"Stefan Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-1711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-1711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114179920","display_name":"Dmitry Shestakov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Shestakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-8760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6122,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90835561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.9309012293815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.838771641254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.7840080261230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7226537466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"Decentralization","score":0.7226401567459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6248181462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5693712830543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.5676557421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5661958456039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.5345719456672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4476656913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32871565222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.32766032218933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.31978321075439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3113139867782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22507044672966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1850266456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18265920877456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.1110224723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09637105464935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.0902777910232544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.9309012293815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.838771641254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7840080261230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7226537466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.7226401567459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6248181462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5693712830543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.5676557421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5661958456039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5345719456672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4476656913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32871565222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.32766032218933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31978321075439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3113139867782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22507044672966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1850266456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18265920877456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1110224723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09637105464935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0902777910232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663338.3663678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663338.3663678","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663338.3663678","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Advanced Tools, Programming Languages, and PLatforms for Implementing and Evaluating algorithms for Distributed systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3663338.3663678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3663338.3663678","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3663338.3663678","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Advanced Tools, Programming Languages, and PLatforms for Implementing and Evaluating algorithms for Distributed systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2295054390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6G-RIC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3043571677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KISK020K","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399853665.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399853665.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548951657","https://openalex.org/W3088345572","https://openalex.org/W3130098498","https://openalex.org/W4205325914","https://openalex.org/W4226141440","https://openalex.org/W4226146793","https://openalex.org/W4383220748","https://openalex.org/W4386632325","https://openalex.org/W6789051645","https://openalex.org/W6855885484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W2031284701","https://openalex.org/W3141203889","https://openalex.org/W1969486489","https://openalex.org/W2156039046","https://openalex.org/W2418771911","https://openalex.org/W2994187804","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4388461933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"governance":[1,33,106],"plays":[2],"a":[3,71],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,30,96],"projects":[7],"utilizing":[8],"blockchain":[9],"technology,":[10],"as":[11],"it":[12],"defines":[13],"decision-making":[14],"and":[15,40,56,60,99],"the":[16,19,57,62,65,77,83,97,101,104],"evolution":[17],"of":[18,51,64,82],"project":[20],"over":[21],"time.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26],"are":[27],"particularly":[28],"interested":[29],"liquid":[31],"democracy":[32],"models":[34,53],"which":[35,41,74],"have":[36],"recently":[37],"gained":[38],"attention":[39],"allow":[42],"to":[43,93],"delegate":[44],"votes.":[45],"We":[46,68,85],"empirically":[47],"study":[48],"existing":[49],"deployments":[50],"these":[52],"on":[54,103],"Gitcoin":[55],"Internet":[58],"Computer,":[59],"measure":[61],"concentration":[63],"voting":[66],"power.":[67],"observe":[69],"quite":[70],"high":[72],"skew,":[73],"contrasts":[75],"with":[76],"otherwise":[78],"highly":[79],"decentralized":[80],"nature":[81],"application.":[84],"hope":[86],"that":[87],"our":[88],"preliminary":[89],"insights":[90],"can":[91],"lead":[92],"follow-up":[94],"work":[95],"community":[98],"nourish":[100],"discussion":[102],"different":[105],"designs.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}