{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400582509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802","title":"Analyzing Quantum Programs with LintQ: A Static Analysis Framework for Qiskit","display_name":"Analyzing Quantum Programs with LintQ: A Static Analysis Framework for Qiskit","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400582509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3660802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045763891","display_name":"Matteo Paltenghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-453X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Paltenghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-453X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013438083","display_name":"Michael Pradel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pradel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-498X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96828894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"FSE","first_page":"2144","last_page":"2166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7883139848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6843278408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.6052582263946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5972993969917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.559266984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49457570910453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4674310088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.46204185485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4347214102745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.430345356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.3932451009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.366128146648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3063991665840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1330338418483734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07260400056838989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7883139848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6843278408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.6052582263946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5972993969917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.559266984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49457570910453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4674310088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.46204185485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4347214102745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.430345356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3932451009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.366128146648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3063991665840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1330338418483734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07260400056838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3660802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3660802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3660802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G119474287","display_name":"QPTest: Automatisches Testen von Quantenprogrammierplattformen","funder_award_id":"516334526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8390793956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"851895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975548669","https://openalex.org/W1992114977","https://openalex.org/W2008626182","https://openalex.org/W2101088258","https://openalex.org/W2137722266","https://openalex.org/W2140021378","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2543953340","https://openalex.org/W2790668893","https://openalex.org/W2888223970","https://openalex.org/W2950018366","https://openalex.org/W2963900765","https://openalex.org/W3003486108","https://openalex.org/W3009488992","https://openalex.org/W3033997567","https://openalex.org/W3089560421","https://openalex.org/W3102773744","https://openalex.org/W3109961245","https://openalex.org/W3110358918","https://openalex.org/W3166070894","https://openalex.org/W3167517084","https://openalex.org/W3173618123","https://openalex.org/W3173827709","https://openalex.org/W3185543386","https://openalex.org/W3208388786","https://openalex.org/W4200380623","https://openalex.org/W4205868343","https://openalex.org/W4205876794","https://openalex.org/W4233410239","https://openalex.org/W4235130846","https://openalex.org/W4285490377","https://openalex.org/W4286331382","https://openalex.org/W4286530559","https://openalex.org/W4288758398","https://openalex.org/W4313116689","https://openalex.org/W4364384554","https://openalex.org/W4383468936","https://openalex.org/W4384302737","https://openalex.org/W4384302865","https://openalex.org/W4384938773","https://openalex.org/W4385287098","https://openalex.org/W4385825572","https://openalex.org/W4394769544","https://openalex.org/W6912699698","https://openalex.org/W6913060461","https://openalex.org/W6931031300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134613344","https://openalex.org/W2409877639","https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4200149527","https://openalex.org/W4281550036","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W4390992964","https://openalex.org/W3119323601","https://openalex.org/W3131420525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"quantum":[1,10,25,49,55,93,111,121,147,169,235],"computing":[2,112,122],"is":[3,27,97],"rising":[4],"in":[5,48,92,110,184,230],"popularity,":[6],"the":[7,13,54,116,119,158,189,231],"amount":[8],"of":[9,15,45,66,102,118,127,135,154,165,182,234],"programs":[11,26],"and":[12,73,75,151,199],"number":[14],"developers":[16,34],"writing":[17,23],"them":[18],"are":[19,51,63,216],"increasing":[20],"rapidly.":[21],"Unfortunately,":[22],"correct":[24],"challenging":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,36,53,105,115,160,195],"various":[31,176],"subtle":[32],"rules":[33],"need":[35],"be":[37],"aware":[38],"of.":[39],"Empirical":[40],"studies":[41],"show":[42],"that":[43,138,172,205],"40\u201382%":[44],"all":[46,207],"bugs":[47,91],"software":[50,229],"specific":[52],"domain.":[56],"Yet,":[57],"existing":[58,201],"static":[59,86],"bug":[60],"detection":[61],"frameworks":[62],"mostly":[64],"unaware":[65],"quantum-specific":[67],"concepts,":[68],"such":[69,142],"as":[70,143],"circuits,":[71],"gates,":[72],"qubits,":[74],"hence":[76,222],"miss":[77],"many":[78],"bugs.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"presents":[82],"LintQ,":[83],"a":[84,100,161,180,196],"comprehensive":[85],"analysis":[87],"framework":[88],"for":[89],"detecting":[90],"programs.":[94],"Our":[95],"approach":[96,159],"enabled":[98],"by":[99,211,218],"set":[101,134],"abstractions":[103],"designed":[104],"reason":[106],"about":[107],"common":[108],"concepts":[109],"without":[113],"referring":[114],"details":[117],"underlying":[120],"platform.":[123],"Built":[124],"on":[125,145],"top":[126],"these":[128],"abstractions,":[129],"LintQ":[130,173,212,221],"offers":[131],"an":[132,224],"extensible":[133],"ten":[136],"analyses":[137],"detect":[139],"likely":[140],"bugs,":[141],"operating":[144],"corrupted":[146],"states,":[148],"redundant":[149],"measurements,":[150],"incorrect":[152],"compositions":[153],"sub-circuits.":[155],"We":[156],"apply":[157],"newly":[162],"collected":[163],"dataset":[164],"7,568":[166],"real-world":[167],"Qiskit-based":[168],"programs,":[170],"showing":[171],"effectively":[174],"identifies":[175],"programming":[177],"problems,":[178],"with":[179,188],"precision":[181],"91.0%":[183],"its":[185],"default":[186],"configuration":[187],"six":[190],"best":[191],"performing":[192],"analyses.":[193],"Comparing":[194],"general-purpose":[197],"linter":[198],"two":[200],"quantum-aware":[202],"techniques":[203],"shows":[204],"almost":[206],"problems":[208],"(92.1%)":[209],"found":[210],"during":[213],"our":[214],"evaluation":[215],"missed":[217],"prior":[219],"work.":[220],"takes":[223],"important":[225],"step":[226],"toward":[227],"reliable":[228],"growing":[232],"field":[233],"computing.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2024-07-13T00:00:00"}
