{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405181348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690362","title":"GPSBuster: Busting out Hidden GPS Trackers via MSoC Electromagnetic Radiations","display_name":"GPSBuster: Busting out Hidden GPS Trackers via MSoC Electromagnetic Radiations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405181348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690362","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690362","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690362","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021092231","display_name":"Y. L. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019883160","display_name":"Zhenxiong Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxiong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017489989","display_name":"Wenqiang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080692598","display_name":"Zhenyu Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037449474","display_name":"Daibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-2951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035491991","display_name":"Zheng Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081420293","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062011000","display_name":"Huadi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-9145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boise State University, Idaho, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boise State University, Idaho, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351429","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-2438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021092231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74586589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3302","last_page":"3316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7078924179077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7042819261550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.608601987361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.570861279964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47029492259025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4531654417514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.4154571294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2263464629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20071706175804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18629810214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16744962334632874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7078924179077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7042819261550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.608601987361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.570861279964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47029492259025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4531654417514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.4154571294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2263464629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20071706175804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18629810214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16744962334632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690362","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690362","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690362","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690362","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1765028296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3994925834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3103500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952169028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5030940285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6466554678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6518067872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TP1004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7025609064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7782809794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7837195937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7896782678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8400801390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405181348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405181348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063221743","https://openalex.org/W2074960873","https://openalex.org/W2107492319","https://openalex.org/W2116059961","https://openalex.org/W2463499371","https://openalex.org/W2787614270","https://openalex.org/W2807035766","https://openalex.org/W2833690542","https://openalex.org/W2896186474","https://openalex.org/W2911205424","https://openalex.org/W2979507955","https://openalex.org/W2980904480","https://openalex.org/W2985766404","https://openalex.org/W2993389530","https://openalex.org/W3089979403","https://openalex.org/W3095235459","https://openalex.org/W3098323645","https://openalex.org/W3114482311","https://openalex.org/W3147539069","https://openalex.org/W3163516330","https://openalex.org/W3176174173","https://openalex.org/W3198109319","https://openalex.org/W3212949089","https://openalex.org/W3213922268","https://openalex.org/W4282960242","https://openalex.org/W4288057791","https://openalex.org/W4294891398","https://openalex.org/W4297677417","https://openalex.org/W4385187426","https://openalex.org/W4386447136","https://openalex.org/W4391724815","https://openalex.org/W4401643241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2515847838","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W565898267","https://openalex.org/W2199103283","https://openalex.org/W2391884925","https://openalex.org/W2141773077","https://openalex.org/W2168956667","https://openalex.org/W659464456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"escalating":[1],"threat":[2],"of":[3,159],"hidden":[4],"GPS":[5,22,52,164],"tracking":[6],"devices":[7,23],"poses":[8],"significant":[9],"risks":[10],"to":[11,122,148],"personal":[12],"privacy":[13],"and":[14,19,56,76,94,117,127,153],"security.Featured":[15],"by":[16,51],"their":[17,29,32],"miniaturization":[18],"misleading":[20],"appearances,":[21],"can":[24,90],"be":[25,91],"easily":[26],"disguised":[27],"in":[28,78],"surroundings":[30],"making":[31],"detection":[33,43,103,137,171],"extremely":[34,92],"challenging.In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,108],"propose":[39],"a":[40,86,118,141,150],"novel":[41],"side-channel-driven":[42],"system,":[44],"GPSBuster,":[45],"leveraging":[46],"electromagnetic":[47],"radiation":[48],"(EMR)":[49],"emitted":[50],"trackers.Our":[53],"feasibility":[54],"studies":[55],"hardware":[57],"analysis":[58],"reveal":[59],"that":[60],"unique":[61],"EMR":[62,130],"patterns":[63,131],"associated":[64],"with":[65,114,132,140],"the":[66,71,79,97,102,110,124,129],"tracker's":[67],"operation,":[68],"stemming":[69],"from":[70,96],"quartz":[72],"oscillator,":[73,75],"local":[74],"mixer":[77],"Mixed-Signal":[80],"on":[81,161],"Chip":[82],"(MSoC)":[83],"system.Nevertheless,":[84],"as":[85],"side-channel":[87],"leakage,":[88],"EMRs":[89],"weak":[93],"suffer":[95],"ambient":[98],"noise":[99,115],"interference,":[100],"rendering":[101],"impractical.To":[104],"address":[105],"these":[106],"challenges,":[107],"develop":[109],"signal":[111],"processing":[112],"techniques":[113],"removals":[116],"dual-dimensional":[119],"folding":[120],"mechanism":[121],"accumulate":[123],"spectrum":[125],"energy":[126],"protrude":[128],"high":[133],"Signal-to-Noise":[134],"Ratios":[135],"(SNR).Our":[136],"prototype,":[138],"built":[139],"portable":[142],"HackRF":[143],"One":[144],"device,":[145],"allows":[146],"users":[147],"perform":[149],"scan-to-detect":[151],"manner":[152],"achieves":[154],"an":[155],"overall":[156],"success":[157],"rate":[158],"98.4%":[160],"top-10":[162],"selling":[163],"trackers":[165],"under":[166],"various":[167],"testing":[168],"cases.The":[169],"maximum":[170],"range":[172],"is":[173],"0.61m.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
