{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405170859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690294","title":"A First Look at Security and Privacy Risks in the RapidAPI Ecosystem","display_name":"A First Look at Security and Privacy Risks in the RapidAPI Ecosystem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405170859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690294","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690294","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028044541","display_name":"Song Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-7573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995085","display_name":"Long Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4819-5406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101860736","display_name":"Zheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-1559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076081056","display_name":"Haipeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-9970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366344","display_name":"Danfeng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng (Daphne) Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056657952","display_name":"Hongxin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-247X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028044541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0246,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7768652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1626","last_page":"1640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6009904146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5878188014030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.542108952999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.46443304419517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.42008328437805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07927286624908447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6009904146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5878188014030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.542108952999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.46443304419517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42008328437805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07927286624908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690294","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690294","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/124013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/124013","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/c6b1794b-86fc-4ce5-8af2-68d5ab989273/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3690294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3690294","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3690294","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1945487394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000142212111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2415079442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2228616","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2657713074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2114920","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811237814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3939040724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2239605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G473008951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2120369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4923173258","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SAI-R: Integrative Cyberinfrastructure for Enhancing and Accelerating Online Abuse Research","funder_award_id":"2228617","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7981170623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2129164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260390757","display_name":"Collaborative Research: EAGER: SaTC-EDU: Learning Platform and Education Curriculum for Artificial Intelligence-Driven Socially-Relevant Cybersecurity","funder_award_id":"2114982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405170859.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74184291","https://openalex.org/W190551272","https://openalex.org/W1600184236","https://openalex.org/W2086648145","https://openalex.org/W2407313496","https://openalex.org/W2617872846","https://openalex.org/W2903650079","https://openalex.org/W2929275958","https://openalex.org/W2947227164","https://openalex.org/W2947593054","https://openalex.org/W2954709499","https://openalex.org/W2973577094","https://openalex.org/W2981466774","https://openalex.org/W3048993947","https://openalex.org/W3096559598","https://openalex.org/W3097802856","https://openalex.org/W3112086075","https://openalex.org/W3125402553","https://openalex.org/W3139099451","https://openalex.org/W3153103063","https://openalex.org/W3161620163","https://openalex.org/W3202887304","https://openalex.org/W4211233231","https://openalex.org/W4253731935","https://openalex.org/W4285503527","https://openalex.org/W4308643562","https://openalex.org/W4313563535","https://openalex.org/W4386721703","https://openalex.org/W4396723388","https://openalex.org/W6633254993","https://openalex.org/W6636783225","https://openalex.org/W7045549784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W2905822832","https://openalex.org/W2240244939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,15,20,32,67,74,82,88,113,154,164,185,190,226],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,22,78,130,156,193,217,234],"open":[5,54],"API":[6,16,34,55,106,144,165,172],"ecosystem,":[7],"third-party":[8],"developers":[9,176],"can":[10,117,147,162],"publish":[11,181],"their":[12],"APIs":[13,64,80,183,194,203,211],"on":[14,66,81,171,184],"marketplace,":[17],"significantly":[18],"facilitating":[19],"development":[21],"cutting-edge":[23],"features":[24],"and":[25,36,59,91,103,134,180,195,215],"services.":[26],"The":[27],"RapidAPI":[28,83,98],"platform":[29],"is":[30],"currently":[31],"largest":[33],"marketplace":[35],"it":[37],"provides":[38],"over":[39],"40,000":[40],"APIs,":[41,232],"which":[42,100],"have":[43,109,239],"been":[44,110],"used":[45,104],"by":[46,150],"more":[47],"than":[48],"4":[49],"million":[50],"developers.":[51],"However,":[52],"such":[53,124],"also":[56,140],"raises":[57],"security":[58],"privacy":[60,191,223,240],"concerns":[61],"associated":[62],"with":[63,204],"hosted":[65],"platform.":[68,84,186],"In":[69],"this":[70],"work,":[71],"we":[72,94,188],"perform":[73,168],"first":[75],"large-scale":[76],"analysis":[77],"32,089":[79],"By":[85],"searching":[86],"in":[87,105,112,143,236],"GitHub":[89],"code":[90],"Android":[92,198,227],"apps,":[93,199],"find":[95,208],"that":[96,146,200,209,229],"3,533":[97],"keys,":[99],"are":[101],"important":[102],"request":[107],"authorization,":[108],"leaked":[111],"wild.":[114],"These":[115],"keys":[116],"be":[118,148],"exploited":[119],"to":[120,153,167],"launch":[121],"various":[122],"attacks,":[123],"as":[125],"Resource":[126],"Exhaustion":[127],"Running,":[128],"Theft":[129],"Service,":[131],"Data":[132,136],"Manipulation,":[133],"User":[135],"Breach":[137],"attacks.":[138],"We":[139,207],"explore":[141],"risks":[142],"metadata":[145,166],"abused":[149],"adversaries.":[151],"Due":[152],"lack":[155],"a":[157,221],"strict":[158],"certification":[159],"system,":[160],"adversaries":[161],"manipulate":[163],"typosquatting":[169],"attacks":[170],"URLs,":[173],"impersonate":[174],"other":[175],"or":[177],"renowned":[178],"companies,":[179],"spamming":[182],"Lastly,":[187],"analyze":[189],"non-compliance":[192,241],"applications,":[196],"e.g.,":[197],"call":[201,230],"these":[202,231],"data":[205,214],"collection.":[206],"1,709":[210],"collect":[212],"sensitive":[213],"94%":[216],"them":[218,235],"dont":[219],"provide":[220],"complete":[222],"policy.":[224],"For":[225],"apps":[228],"50%":[233],"our":[237],"study":[238],"issues.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
