{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405183466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670354","title":"Reckle Trees: Updatable Merkle Batch Proofs with Applications","display_name":"Reckle Trees: Updatable Merkle Batch Proofs with Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405183466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670354","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670354","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670354","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056111614","display_name":"Charalampos Papamanthou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-9403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charalampos Papamanthou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs &amp; Yale University, New Haven, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-9403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs &amp; Yale University, New Haven, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077953267","display_name":"Shravan Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59769168","display_name":"LaGrange College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4aze46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shravan Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs, Gaithersburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-3465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs, Gaithersburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040957995","display_name":"Nicolas Gailly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113427","display_name":"Lagrange Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02fdv8735","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210113427","https://openalex.org/I4210126779","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Gailly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0134-3026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115061306","display_name":"Ismael Hishon-Rezaizadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59769168","display_name":"LaGrange College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4aze46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismael Hishon-Rezaizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3135-9633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115061307","display_name":"Andrus Salumets","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrus Salumets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7425-1328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115061308","display_name":"Stjepan Golemac","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59769168","display_name":"LaGrange College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4aze46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stjepan Golemac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagrange Labs, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8218-457X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagrange Labs, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59769168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1538","last_page":"1551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8233764171600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7060154676437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.633325457572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.38520166277885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15831053256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.09201276302337646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8233764171600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7060154676437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.633325457572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38520166277885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15831053256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.09201276302337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670354","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670354","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670354","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670354","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405183466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405183466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7678451","https://openalex.org/W1504441476","https://openalex.org/W2014239329","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2676157184","https://openalex.org/W2804093830","https://openalex.org/W3031891667","https://openalex.org/W3106674001","https://openalex.org/W4308644259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4394650907","https://openalex.org/W154364797","https://openalex.org/W4254119641","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W3084261076","https://openalex.org/W2576399385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"Reckle":[2,16,140],"trees,":[3,141],"a":[4,39,49,73,93,105,136,163,168,173,177,181],"new":[5,32],"vector":[6],"commitment":[7],"based":[8,58],"on":[9,59],"succinct":[10,24,152,174],"RECursive":[11],"arguments":[12],"and":[13,45,151,171],"MerKLE":[14],"trees.":[15,146],"trees'":[17],"distinguishing":[18],"feature":[19],"is":[20,57],"their":[21],"support":[22],"for":[23,154,176],"batch":[25,65,84,99,117],"proofs":[26,85,118,153],"that":[27,108],"are":[28,119],"updatable":[29,150],"-":[30,127],"enabling":[31],"applications":[33],"in":[34,89,122],"the":[35,61,64,68,98,130,133],"blockchain":[36],"setting":[37],"where":[38],"proof":[40,175,187],"needs":[41],"to":[42,80,97,167],"be":[43,87,189],"computed":[44],"efficiently":[46,190],"maintained":[47],"over":[48,180],"moving":[50],"stream":[51],"of":[52,63,129,132,139,157,184],"blocks.":[53],"Our":[54],"technical":[55],"approach":[56],"embedding":[60],"computation":[62,179],"hash":[66],"inside":[67],"recursive":[69,111],"Merkle":[70,94],"verification":[71],"via":[72],"hash-based":[74],"accumulator":[75],"called":[76],"canonical":[77],"hashing.":[78],"Due":[79],"this":[81,161],"embedding,":[82],"our":[83,116],"can":[86,165,188],"updated":[88,191],"logarithmic":[90],"time,":[91],"whenever":[92,192],"leaf":[95],"(belonging":[96],"or":[100,194],"not)":[101],"changes,":[102],"by":[103],"maintaining":[104],"data":[106],"structure":[107],"stores":[109],"previously-computed":[110],"proofs.":[112],"Assuming":[113],"enough":[114],"parallelism,":[115],"also":[120,143],"computable":[121],"O(log":[123],"n)":[124],"parallel":[125],"time":[126],"independent":[128],"size":[131],"batch.":[134],"As":[135],"natural":[137],"extension":[138],"we":[142],"introduce":[144],"Reckle+":[145,147],"trees":[148],"provide":[149],"certain":[155],"types":[156],"Map/Reduce":[158,178],"computations.":[159],"In":[160],"setting,":[162],"prover":[164],"commit":[166],"memory":[169],"M":[170,195],"produce":[172],"subset":[182],"I":[183,193],"M.":[185],"The":[186],"changes.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
