{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405182808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670333","title":"Defying the Odds: Solana's Unexpected Resilience in Spite of the Security Challenges Faced by Developers","display_name":"Defying the Odds: Solana's Unexpected Resilience in Spite of the Security Challenges Faced by Developers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405182808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670333","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670333","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670333","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023898057","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Andreina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-365X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Andreina","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Laboratories Europe, Heidelberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Laboratories Europe, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014851696","display_name":"Tobias Cloosters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3682-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Cloosters","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089242868","display_name":"Lucas Davi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Davi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013395070","display_name":"Jens-Rene Giesen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0685-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens-Rene Giesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070432440","display_name":"Marco Gutfleisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-5825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gutfleisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059087800","display_name":"Ghassan Karame","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassan Karame","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079036523","display_name":"Alena Naiakshina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1843-2027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alena Naiakshina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099381107","display_name":"Houda Naji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0280-5536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houda Naji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023898057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93241653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4226","last_page":"4240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.7558899521827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6062656044960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds","display_name":"Odds","score":0.4577445387840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4477255642414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-resilience","display_name":"Psychological resilience","score":0.4294569492340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3847191333770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2733832001686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1255984604358673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7558899521827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6062656044960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4577445387840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4477255642414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.4294569492340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3847191333770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2733832001686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1255984604358673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670333","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670333","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:153420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Andreina=3ASebastien=3A=3A.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670333","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670333","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3363872941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2092 (CASA) 39078197, SFB 1119 (CROSSING) 236615297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7069204491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101042266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8417760023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101096456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405182808.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620042716","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1986222079","https://openalex.org/W2011698232","https://openalex.org/W2033019352","https://openalex.org/W2059507980","https://openalex.org/W2106371080","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2511044583","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2541261609","https://openalex.org/W2585818648","https://openalex.org/W2611696609","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2797893620","https://openalex.org/W2809409966","https://openalex.org/W2895478022","https://openalex.org/W2908007588","https://openalex.org/W2941123418","https://openalex.org/W2963465913","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2999378142","https://openalex.org/W3095431539","https://openalex.org/W3098450669","https://openalex.org/W3160070616","https://openalex.org/W3162287891","https://openalex.org/W3214421193","https://openalex.org/W4284670340","https://openalex.org/W4288057734","https://openalex.org/W4295292680","https://openalex.org/W4299818415","https://openalex.org/W4301329292","https://openalex.org/W4308410075","https://openalex.org/W4385412537","https://openalex.org/W4388858789","https://openalex.org/W4405182808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604849300","https://openalex.org/W4231328776","https://openalex.org/W2766061861","https://openalex.org/W1604293003","https://openalex.org/W1979850356","https://openalex.org/W3005040438","https://openalex.org/W3132387835","https://openalex.org/W2910024633","https://openalex.org/W3124750890","https://openalex.org/W3186119517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solana":[0,28,59,65,130,154,198],"gained":[1],"considerable":[2],"attention":[3],"as":[4,169,194],"one":[5],"of":[6,24,45,62,80,90,107,126,145,162,185],"the":[7,42,46,53,58,91,108,123,135,160,170,183],"most":[8,171],"popular":[9],"blockchain":[10],"platforms":[11],"for":[12,137],"deploying":[13,201],"decentralized":[14],"applications.":[15],"Compared":[16],"to":[17,112],"Ethereum,":[18],"however,":[19],"we":[20,51],"observe":[21],"a":[22,63,78,100],"lack":[23],"research":[25],"on":[26,57,122,151],"how":[27,39],"smart":[29,66,115,131,155],"contract":[30,67,132],"developers":[31,199],"handle":[32],"security,":[33],"what":[34],"challenges":[35,128],"they":[36],"encounter,":[37],"and":[38,104,141,189],"this":[40,186],"affects":[41],"overall":[43],"security":[44,97,139],"ecosystem.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this,":[50],"conducted":[52],"first":[54],"comprehensive":[55],"study":[56,84,118,176],"platform":[60],"consisting":[61],"90-minute":[64],"code":[68,101],"review":[69,102],"task":[70,103],"with":[71,77,129],"35":[72],"participants":[73,92,109],"followed":[74],"by":[75],"interviews":[76],"subset":[79],"seven":[81],"participants.":[82],"Our":[83,117],"shows,":[85],"quite":[86],"alarmingly,":[87],"that":[88,105,159,191],"none":[89],"could":[93],"detect":[94],"all":[95],"important":[96],"vulnerabilities":[98,163],"in":[99,173,200],"83%":[106],"are":[110,196],"likely":[111],"release":[113],"vulnerable":[114],"contracts.":[116,203],"also":[119],"sheds":[120],"light":[121],"root":[124],"causes":[125,184],"developers'":[127],"development,":[133],"suggesting":[134],"need":[136],"better":[138],"guidance":[140],"resources.":[142],"In":[143],"spite":[144],"these":[146],"challenges,":[147],"our":[148,174],"automated":[149],"analysis":[150],"currently":[152],"deployed":[153],"contracts":[156],"surprisingly":[157],"suggests":[158],"prevalence":[161],"-":[164,177],"especially":[165],"those":[166],"pointed":[167],"out":[168],"challenging":[172],"developer":[175],"is":[178],"below":[179],"0.3%.":[180],"We":[181],"explore":[182],"counter-intuitive":[187],"resilience":[188],"show":[190],"frameworks,":[192],"such":[193],"Anchor,":[195],"aiding":[197],"secure":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
