{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405183011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670332","title":"On Kernel's Safety in the Spectre Era (And KASLR is Formally Dead)","display_name":"On Kernel's Safety in the Spectre Era (And KASLR is Formally Dead)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405183011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670332","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670332","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670332","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099111558","display_name":"Davide Davoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2981-2962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201841394","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/019tgvf94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Davoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048841494","display_name":"Martin Avanzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6445-8833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201841394","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/019tgvf94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Avanzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087729716","display_name":"Tamara Rezk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201841394","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/019tgvf94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Rezk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099111558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I201841394"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77064745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1091","last_page":"1105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7873280644416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7576998472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.4913095533847809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomization","display_name":"Randomization","score":0.4730253219604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.456104576587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2928261160850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0800875723361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.06806671619415283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7873280644416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7576998472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.4913095533847809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4730253219604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.456104576587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2928261160850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0800875723361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.06806671619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670332","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670332","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04839461v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04839461","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04839461v1/file/paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3658644","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658644.3670332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3670332","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3658644.3670332","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2659019386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-EURE-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3692377274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-EURE-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5630019670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-EURE-000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5764027818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-EUR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6803667113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318455765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8683756101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","funder_display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405183011.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964281299","https://openalex.org/W1977764760","https://openalex.org/W2071929572","https://openalex.org/W2090483038","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2133592286","https://openalex.org/W2172131317","https://openalex.org/W2368550879","https://openalex.org/W2532499458","https://openalex.org/W2664885055","https://openalex.org/W2733470343","https://openalex.org/W2765323128","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2979633637","https://openalex.org/W3015465581","https://openalex.org/W3034103899","https://openalex.org/W3045655459","https://openalex.org/W3048784143","https://openalex.org/W3096372727","https://openalex.org/W3097736620","https://openalex.org/W3108020564","https://openalex.org/W3114864185","https://openalex.org/W3122275765","https://openalex.org/W3153387123","https://openalex.org/W3156526578","https://openalex.org/W3213473374","https://openalex.org/W3213572793","https://openalex.org/W4232120412","https://openalex.org/W4237907241","https://openalex.org/W4250981365","https://openalex.org/W4281779787","https://openalex.org/W4299581173","https://openalex.org/W4308361262","https://openalex.org/W4315631944","https://openalex.org/W4321195913","https://openalex.org/W4387993764","https://openalex.org/W4405183011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"efficacy":[1],"of":[2,102],"address":[3],"space":[4],"layout":[5,31,65,89,139],"randomization":[6,32,66],"has":[7],"been":[8],"formally":[9,117],"demonstrated":[10],"in":[11,33,72,79,121,164],"a":[12,43,68,73,110],"shared-memory":[13],"model":[14,46],"by":[15],"Abadi":[16,57],"et":[17,58],"al.,":[18],"contingent":[19],"on":[20,42,138],"specific":[21],"assumptions":[22,39,61],"about":[23],"victim":[24],"programs.":[25],"However,":[26,78],"modern":[27],"operating":[28],"systems,":[29],"implementing":[30],"the":[34,122,132,165],"kernel,":[35],"diverge":[36],"from":[37],"these":[38],"and":[40,83,105,108],"operate":[41],"separate":[44],"memory":[45,76],"with":[47,75],"communication":[48],"through":[49],"system":[50,74,133,162],"calls.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,130],"work,":[54],"we":[55],"relax":[56],"al.'s":[59],"language":[60],"while":[62],"demonstrating":[63],"that":[64,93,113,128,144,155],"offers":[67],"comparable":[69],"safety":[70,95,120,159],"guarantee":[71,157],"separation.":[77],"practice,":[80],"speculative":[81,106],"execution":[82,107],"side-channels":[84,104],"are":[85],"recognized":[86],"threats":[87],"to":[88,116,152],"randomization.":[90,140],"We":[91,141],"show":[92],"kernel":[94,119,158],"cannot":[96],"be":[97,148],"restored":[98],"for":[99,160],"attackers":[100],"capable":[101],"using":[103],"introduce":[109],"new":[111],"condition,":[112,131],"allows":[114],"us":[115],"prove":[118],"Spectre":[123,166],"era.":[124,167],"Our":[125],"research":[126],"demonstrates":[127],"under":[129],"remains":[134],"safe":[135,161],"without":[136],"relying":[137],"also":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"our":[145],"condition":[146],"can":[147,156],"sensibly":[149],"weakened,":[150],"leading":[151],"enforcement":[153],"mechanisms":[154],"calls":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}