{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408151402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697771","title":"The Unlikely Hero: Nonidealities in Analog Photonic Neural Networks as Built-in Adversarial Defenders","display_name":"The Unlikely Hero: Nonidealities in Analog Photonic Neural Networks as Built-in Adversarial Defenders","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408151402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102633852","display_name":"Haotian Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8919-5367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8919-5367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021378107","display_name":"Ziang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5308-1100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5308-1100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098932933","display_name":"Partho Bhoumik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Partho Bhoumik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4722-1910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052051759","display_name":"Sanmitra Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-9220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanmitra Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-9220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090386129","display_name":"Jiaqi Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ., Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84931544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1295","last_page":"1301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7634756565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5767857432365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5596181750297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hero","display_name":"HERO","score":0.4723685383796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.46134573221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36905014514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1821339726448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11268025636672974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7634756565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5767857432365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5596181750297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.4723685383796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.46134573221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36905014514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1821339726448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11268025636672974}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620809103","https://openalex.org/W2762562645","https://openalex.org/W3092411122","https://openalex.org/W3111554287","https://openalex.org/W3112604890","https://openalex.org/W3194117819","https://openalex.org/W3199792160","https://openalex.org/W4206037560","https://openalex.org/W4226090300","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W4246799416","https://openalex.org/W4290711370","https://openalex.org/W4310471722","https://openalex.org/W4312591239","https://openalex.org/W4312596145","https://openalex.org/W4319338552","https://openalex.org/W4393407284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765675545","https://openalex.org/W30568991","https://openalex.org/W2155143577","https://openalex.org/W2364873792","https://openalex.org/W1535377576","https://openalex.org/W1970070204","https://openalex.org/W2021597598","https://openalex.org/W2360835688","https://openalex.org/W66608517","https://openalex.org/W887437329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic-photonic":[0],"computing":[1],"systems":[2],"have":[3,18],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,141],"a":[6,69,113,160],"promising":[7],"platform":[8],"for":[9,118],"accelerating":[10],"deep":[11],"neural":[12],"network":[13],"(DNN)":[14],"workloads.":[15],"Major":[16],"efforts":[17],"been":[19],"focused":[20],"on":[21,59,96],"countering":[22],"hardware":[23,43,48,61,121],"non-idealities":[24,87],"and":[25,91,109,132,145],"boosting":[26],"efficiency":[27],"with":[28,53,159,176],"various":[29,156],"hardware/algorithm":[30],"co-design":[31],"methods.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,47,60,82,103],"adversarial":[35,173],"robustness":[36],"of":[37,84,155],"such":[38],"photonic":[39,89,162],"analog":[40],"mixed-signal":[41],"AI":[42,120],"remains":[44],"unexplored.":[45],"Though":[46],"variations":[49],"can":[50],"be":[51],"mitigated":[52],"robustness-driven":[54],"optimization":[55,143],"methods,":[56],"malicious":[57],"attacks":[58,175],"show":[62],"distinct":[63],"behaviors":[64],"from":[65,106],"noises,":[66],"which":[67],"requires":[68],"customized":[70],"protection":[71,104],"method":[72],"tailored":[73,117],"to":[74],"optical":[75,119],"hardware.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"work,":[79],"we":[80,111],"rethink":[81],"role":[83],"conventionally":[85],"undesired":[86],"in":[88],"accelerators":[90],"claim":[92],"their":[93],"surprising":[94],"effects":[95,105],"defending":[97],"against":[98],"weight":[99,130,135],"attacks.":[100],"Inspired":[101],"by":[102],"DNN":[107,157],"quantization":[108],"pruning,":[110],"propose":[112],"synergistic":[114],"defense":[115],"framework":[116,167],"that":[122,165],"proactively":[123],"protects":[124],"sensitive":[125],"weights":[126],"via":[127],"pre-attack":[128],"unary":[129],"encoding":[131],"post-attack":[133],"vulnerability-aware":[134],"locking.":[136],"Efficiency-reliability":[137],"trade-offs":[138],"are":[139,183],"formulated":[140],"constrained":[142],"problems":[144],"efficiently":[146],"solved":[147],"offline":[148],"without":[149],"model":[150],"re-training":[151],"costs.":[152],"Extensive":[153],"evaluation":[154],"benchmarks":[158],"multi-core":[161],"accelerator":[163],"shows":[164],"our":[166],"maintains":[168],"near-ideal":[169],"inference":[170],"accuracy":[171],"under":[172],"bit-flip":[174],"merely":[177],"<3%":[178],"memory":[179],"overhead.":[180],"Our":[181],"codes":[182],"open-sourced":[184],"at":[185],"link.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}