{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408151407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697767","title":"Through Fabric: A Cross-world Thermal Covert Channel on TEE-enhanced FPGA-MPSoC Systems","display_name":"Through Fabric: A Cross-world Thermal Covert Channel on TEE-enhanced FPGA-MPSoC Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408151407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040426334","display_name":"Hassan Nassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-8997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-8997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059893718","display_name":"Jeferson Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-2632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145372079","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Costa Rica","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhrfn38","country_code":"CR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145372079"]}],"countries":["CR","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeferson Gonzalez-Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany","nstituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago, Costa Rica"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-2632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"nstituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago, Costa Rica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145372079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008654747","display_name":"V. Manjunath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Manjunath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0886-6664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066227499","display_name":"Lars Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-4594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119349","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01t1kq612","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119349"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scholar, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-4594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scholar, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063508488","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Henkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Henkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-2922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040426334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82282776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"461","last_page":"467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mpsoc","display_name":"MPSoC","score":0.9162307977676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7285736799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5432850122451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.511954665184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5117411613464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.47341257333755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4205305576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.41828474402427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.31737029552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2145208716392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15375971794128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0671716034412384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777187653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975106","display_name":"MPSoC","level":3,"score":0.9162307977676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7285736799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5432850122451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.511954665184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5117411613464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.47341257333755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4205305576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.41828474402427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.31737029552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2145208716392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15375971794128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0671716034412384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325698","display_name":"Helmholtz Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069278684","https://openalex.org/W2122941380","https://openalex.org/W2337655500","https://openalex.org/W2401686580","https://openalex.org/W2476908740","https://openalex.org/W2604334841","https://openalex.org/W2798507687","https://openalex.org/W2915743430","https://openalex.org/W2969965903","https://openalex.org/W2982042968","https://openalex.org/W2982321631","https://openalex.org/W3092581235","https://openalex.org/W3142766456","https://openalex.org/W3175162501","https://openalex.org/W4200501761","https://openalex.org/W4236786653","https://openalex.org/W4248074231","https://openalex.org/W4280590166","https://openalex.org/W4320494068","https://openalex.org/W4378191621","https://openalex.org/W4379115986","https://openalex.org/W4384637370","https://openalex.org/W6678770513","https://openalex.org/W6811851346","https://openalex.org/W7046087077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W1976012348","https://openalex.org/W2614713859","https://openalex.org/W2002682434","https://openalex.org/W4387782849","https://openalex.org/W2137671689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ever-evolving":[1],"computing":[2],"landscape":[3],"gets":[4],"more":[5,18,33],"complex":[6],"in":[7,57,66],"every":[8],"moment":[9],"and":[10,61,130,147],"the":[11,21,48,67,94,113,128,155],"need":[12,49],"for":[13,29,43,50,127],"heterogeneous":[14],"compute":[15],"systems":[16,25],"becomes":[17],"relevant.":[19,34],"As":[20],"usability":[22],"of":[23,125,136,145,151],"such":[24],"grew,":[26],"finding":[27],"methods":[28],"securing":[30],"them":[31],"became":[32],"Commercial":[35],"vendors":[36],"already":[37],"introduced":[38],"Trusted":[39],"Execution":[40],"Environments":[41],"(TEEs)":[42],"those":[44],"systems.":[45],"TEEs":[46],"serve":[47],"isolation,":[51],"where":[52],"sensitive":[53],"data":[54],"are":[55,64,154],"processed":[56],"a":[58,77,99,109,133,160],"secure":[59,95],"world,":[60],"non-trusted":[62],"applications":[63],"executed":[65],"normal":[68],"world.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71,106],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,131],"introduce":[74],"Through":[75],"Fabric:":[76],"novel":[78],"attack":[79,107],"against":[80],"TEE-enhanced":[81],"FPGA-MPSoCs.":[82],"We":[83,103,120,153],"show":[84,158],"that":[85,159],"existing":[86],"benign":[87],"hardware":[88],"accelerators":[89],"can":[90,162],"be":[91,163],"manipulated":[92],"from":[93],"world":[96],"to":[97,157],"implement":[98],"temperature-based":[100,168],"covert":[101,169],"channel.":[102],"successfully":[104],"run":[105],"on":[108,165],"commercial":[110],"FPGA-MPSoC":[111],"within":[112],"OP-TEE":[114],"environment":[115],"without":[116],"additional":[117],"access":[118],"rights.":[119],"use":[121],"an":[122],"open-source":[123],"implementation":[124],"AES":[126],"accelerator":[129],"reach":[132],"transmission":[134],"speed":[135],"2":[137],"bits":[138],"per":[139],"second":[140],"with":[141],"bit":[142],"error":[143,149],"rate":[144,150],"1.9%":[146],"packet":[148],"4.3%.":[152],"first":[156],"TEE":[161],"bypassed":[164],"FPGA-MPSoCs":[166],"via":[167],"channel":[170],"communication.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}