{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408163978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745","title":"Towards Functional Safety of Neural Network Hardware Accelerators: Concurrent Out-of-Distribution Detection in Hardware Using Power Side-Channel Analysis","display_name":"Towards Functional Safety of Neural Network Hardware Accelerators: Concurrent Out-of-Distribution Detection in Hardware Using Power Side-Channel Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408163978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070034350","display_name":"Vincent Meyers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-5861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Meyers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-5861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038362728","display_name":"Michael Hefenbrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hefenbrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["RevoAI GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RevoAI GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116504651","display_name":"Mahboobe Sadeghipourrudsari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahboobe Sadeghipourrudsari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1945-155X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026813167","display_name":"Dennis R. E. Gnad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-4692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Gnad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-4692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445713","display_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Tahoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02907982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1413","last_page":"1419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7266298532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5971447825431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5835046768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5794227123260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5364753603935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4692411720752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4602900743484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1904880404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.09711363911628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08585429191589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07482919096946716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7266298532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5971447825431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5835046768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5794227123260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5364753603935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4692411720752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4602900743484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1904880404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.09711363911628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08585429191589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07482919096946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3658617.3697745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3658617.3697745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3364001491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501300923","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2594481151","https://openalex.org/W3082834449","https://openalex.org/W4406257208","https://openalex.org/W6968655253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323824501","https://openalex.org/W2355552010","https://openalex.org/W2136687465","https://openalex.org/W3016859066","https://openalex.org/W5280335","https://openalex.org/W4200321003","https://openalex.org/W4400339423","https://openalex.org/W3215861253","https://openalex.org/W4252980856","https://openalex.org/W4200163172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"AI":[1],"hardware,":[2],"functional":[3],"safety":[4,23,51],"is":[5,24,101],"crucial,":[6],"especially":[7],"for":[8,20,63,69,116],"neural":[9,79],"network":[10,80],"(NN)":[11],"accelerators":[12,88,119],"used":[13],"in":[14,49,103,135],"safety-critical":[15],"systems.":[16],"A":[17],"key":[18],"requirement":[19],"maintaining":[21],"this":[22,106],"the":[25,38,73,124,149,159,164],"precise":[26],"detection":[27,46,65,99,115,134,157],"of":[28,75,96,172],"out-of-distribution":[29],"(OOD)":[30],"instances,":[31],"which":[32,82],"are":[33,83],"inputs":[34],"significantly":[35],"distinct":[36],"from":[37],"training":[39],"data.":[40],"Neglecting":[41],"to":[42,113,148,163],"integrate":[43],"robust":[44],"OOD":[45,64,98,114,133,156],"may":[47],"result":[48],"possible":[50],"hazards,":[52],"diminished":[53],"performance,":[54],"and":[55,92,138],"inaccurate":[56],"decision-making":[57],"within":[58],"NN":[59,117],"applications.":[60],"Existing":[61],"methods":[62,76],"have":[66],"been":[67],"explored":[68],"full-precision":[70],"models.":[71],"However,":[72],"evaluation":[74],"on":[77,86,143,174],"quantized":[78],"(QNN),":[81],"often":[84],"deployed":[85],"hardware":[87,94,170],"such":[89],"as":[90],"FPGAs,":[91],"on-device":[93,132],"realization":[95],"concurrent":[97,139],"(COD)":[100],"missing":[102],"literature.":[104],"In":[105],"paper,":[107],"we":[108,166],"provide":[109,167],"a":[110,136],"novel":[111],"approach":[112],"FPGA":[118],"using":[120],"power":[121,125],"measurements.":[122],"Utilizing":[123],"side-channel":[126],"through":[127],"digital":[128],"voltage":[129],"sensors":[130],"allows":[131,155],"non-intrusive":[137],"manner,":[140],"without":[141],"relying":[142],"explicit":[144],"labels":[145],"or":[146],"modifications":[147],"underlying":[150],"NN.":[151],"Furthermore,":[152],"our":[153],"method":[154],"before":[158],"inference":[160],"finishes.":[161],"Additionally":[162],"evaluation,":[165],"an":[168,175],"efficient":[169],"implementation":[171],"COD":[173],"actual":[176],"FPGA.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}